Abstract
We review some existence and nonexistence results — new and old — on abelian difference sets. Recent surveys on difference sets can be found in Arasu (1990), Jungnickel (1992a, b)Pott (1995), Jungnickel and Schmidt (1997), and Davis and Jedwab (1996). Standard references for difference sets are Baumert (1971), Beth et al. (1998), and Lander (1983). This article presents a flavour of the subject, by discussing some selected topics.
Work partially supported by NSA grant # MDA 904-97-1-0012 and by AFOSR grant F49620-96-1-0328.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Arasu, K.T., (81, 16, 3) Abelian difference sets do not exist. J. Combin. Th., A43, 350–353, 1986.
Arasu, K.T., Abelian projective planes of square order. Europ. J. Combin., 10, 207–209, 1989.
Arasu, K.T., More missing entries in Lander’s table could be filled. Arch. Math., 51, 188–192, 1988.
Arasu, K.T., On abelian difference sets. Arch. Math., 48, 491–494, 1987.
Arasu, K.T., Recent results on difference sets, In: Coding Theory and Design Theory, Part II(Ed. D. Ray-Chaudhuri) Springer, Heidelberg, 1–23, 1990.
Arasu, K.T., Singer groups of biplanes of order 25. Arch. Math., 53, 622–624, 1989.
Arasu, K.T., On the existence of (400, 57, 8) abelian difference sets, (1997), manuscript.
Arasu, K.T., Davis, J.A., Jedwab, J., Ma, S.L., and McFarland, R.L., Exponent bounds for a family of abelian difference sets. In: Groups, Difference Sets, and the Monster. (Eds. K.T. Arasu, J.F. Dillon, K. Harada, S.K. Sehgal and R.L. Solomon) DeGruyter Verlag, Berlin/New York, 129–143, 1996.
Arasu, K.T., Davis, J.A., Jedwab, J., and Sehgal, S.K., New constructions of Menon difference sets, J. Combin. Th., A64, 329–336, 1993.
Arasu, K.T., Davis, J.A., and Jedwab, J., A nonexistence result for abelian Menon difference sets using perfect binary arrays, Combinatorica, 15(3), 311–317, 1995.
Arasu, K.T., Davis, J.A., Jungnickel, D., and Pott, A., A note on intersection numbers of difference sets. Europ. J. Combin., 11, 95–98, 1990.
Arasu, K.T., and Ma, S.L., Abelian difference sets without self-conjugacy. Design, Codes, and Cryptography, 1998 to appear.
Arasu, K.T., and Mavron, V.C., Biplanes and singer groups, In: Coding Theory, Design Theory, Group Theory, (Eds. D. Jungnickel, S.A. Vanstone) Wiley, New York, 111–119, 1993.
Arasu, K.T., McDonough, T., and Sehgal, S.K., Sums of roots of unity, In: Group Theory, (Eds. R. Solomon and S.K. Sehgal) World Scientific, Singapore, 6–20, 1993.
Arasu, K.T., and Ray-Chaudhuri, D.K., Multiplier theorem for a difference list. Ars Combin., 22, 119–137, 1986.
Arasu, K.T., and Sehgal, S.K., Some new results on abelian difference sets, Utilitas Math., 42, 225–233, 1992.
Arasu, K.T., and Sehgal, S.K., Difference sets in abelian groups of p-rank two. Designs, Codes, and Cryptography, 5, 5–12, 1995.
Arasu, K.T., and Sehgal, S.K., Non-existence of some difference sets. JCMCC, 1998 to appear.
Arasu, K.T., and Sehgal, S.K., Some new difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A69, 170–172, 1995.
Arasu, K.T., and Xiang, Q., Multiplier theorems. J. Comb. Des., 3, 257–267, 1995.
Baumert, L.D., (1977), Cyclic difference sets. Lect. Not. Math., Springer, New York, 182, 1971.
Baumert, L.D., and Fredricksen, H., The cyclotomic numbers of order 18 with applications to difference sets. Math. Comp., 21, 204–219, 1967.
Baumert, L.D., Mills, W.H., and Ward, R.L., Uniform cyclotomy. J. Nr. Th., 14, 67–82, 1982.
Beth, T., Jungnickel, D., and Lenz, H., Design Theory, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (2ndedition), 1998.
Bozikov, Z., Abelian Singer groups of certain symmetric block designs. Radovi Mat., 1, 247–253, 1985.
Broughton, W.J., A note on table 1 of “Barker sequences and difference sets”. L’Ens. Math., 50, 105–107, 1994.
Brualdi, R.A., A note on multipliers of difference sets. J Res. Nat Bur. Standards B, 69, 87–89, 1965.
Bruck, R.H., Difference sets in a finite group. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 78, 464–481, 1955.
Bruck, R.H., and Ryser, H.J., The non-existence of certain finite projective planes. Canad. J. Math., 1, 88–93, 1949.
Camion, R., and Mann, H.B., Antisymmetric difference sets. J. Nr. Th., 4, 266–268; 1972.
Chan, W.K., Necessary conditions for Menon difference sets, Design, Codes, and Cryptography, 3, 147–154, 1993.
Chan, W.K., and Siu, M.K., Summary of perfects s× tarrays, 1 ≤ s ≤ t ≤100, Electr. Lett., 27, 709,710, 1991.
Chan, W.K., and Siu, M.K., Correction to “summary of perfect s x tarrays, 1 ≤ s ≤ t ≤100”, Electr. Letter, 27, 1112, 1991.
Chan, W.K., Siu, M.K., and Ma, S.L., Nonexistence of certain perfect arrays, Discrete Math., 125, 107–113, 1994.
Chen, Y.Q., On the existence of abelian Hadamard difference sets and a new family of difference sets. Finite Fields Appl., 3, 234–256, 1997.
Chen Y.Q., Xiang, Q., and Sehgal, S.K., An exponent bound on skew Hadamard abelian difference sets. Designs, Codes, and Cryptography, 4, 313–317, 1994.
Chowla, S., A property of biquadratic residues. Proc Nat. Acad. Sci. India, A14, 45–46, 1994.
Chowla, S., and Ryser, HJ., Combinatorial problems. Canad. J. Math., 2, 93–99, 1950.
Cohen, S.D., Generators in cyclic difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A51, 227–236, 1989.
Colbourn, C.J., and Dinitz, J.H., (Eds.), The CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1996.
Davis, J., A generalization of Kraemer’s result on difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A59, 187–192, 1992.
Davis, J., A result on Dillon’s conjecture in difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A57, 238–242, 1991.
Davis, J.A., Difference sets in abelian 2-groups, J. Combin. Th., A57, 262–286, 1991.
Davis, J.A., and Jedwab, J., A Survey of Hadamard difference sets, In: Groups, Difference Sets, and the Monster, (Eds. K.T. Arasu, J. Dillon, K. Haradu, S.K. Sehgal and R. Solomon), deGruyter Verlag, Berlin/New York, 145–156, 1996.
Davis, J. A., and Jedwab, J., A unifying construction of difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A80, 13–78, 1997.
Davis, J.A., and Jedwab, J., A summary of Menon difference sets. Congr. Nr., 93, 203–207, 1993.
Davis, J.A., and Jedwab, J., Some recent developments in difference sets. In: Combinatorical Designs and Applications (Eds. K. Quinn et al.,)Addison-Wesley, London, (to appear).
Davis, J.A., and Jedwab, J., Nested Hadamard difference sets, J. Stat. Planning & Inference, 62, 13–20, 1997.
Dillon, J.F., A Survey of difference sets in 2-groups. Presented at the Marshall Hall Memorial Conference, Burlington, VT, 1990a.
Dillon, J.F., Cyclic difference sets and primitive polynomials. In: Finite Fields, Coding Theory and Advances in Communications and Computing (Eds:G.L. Mullen and P.J.S. Shiue), Marcel Dekker, New York, 436–437, 1993.
Dillon, J.F., Difference sets in 2-groups. In: Proc. NSA Math. Sci. Meet., Ft. George Meade, Maryland, (Ed. R.L. Ward) 165–172, 1987.
Dillon, J.F., Difference sets in 2-groups, In: Finite Geometries and Combinatorial Designs, Contemporary Mathematics. Vol. III (Ed. E.S. Kraemer), Birkhäuser, Boston, 65–72, 1990a.
Dillon, J.F., Elementary Hadamard difference sets. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Maryland, 1974.
Dillon, J.F., Elementary Hadamard difference sets. In: Proc. Sixth Southeastern Conf. On Combinatorics, Graph Theory and Computing, 237–249, 1975.
Dillon, J.F., Variations on a scheme of McFarland for noncyclic difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A40, 9–21, 1985.
Eckmann, A., Eliahou, S., and Kervaire, M., Compressible difference lists. J. Statist. Planning & Inf., 62(1), 35–38, 1997.
Eliahou, S., and Kervaire, M., A note on the equation θθ̄ = n +λΣ.J. Statist. Planning & Inf., 62(1), 21–34, 1997.
Eliahou, S., and Kervaire, M., Barker sequences and difference sets. L’Ens. Math., 38, 345–382, 1992.
van Eupen, M., and Tonchev, V.D., Linear codes and the existence of a reversible Hadamard difference set in Z 2 ×Z 2 × Z 4 5 , J. Combin. Th., A79, 161–167, 1997.
Golomb, S.W., and Song, H.Y., A conjecture on the existence of cyclic Hadamard difference sets. J. Statist. Planning Inf., 62(1), 39–42, 1997.
Gordon, B., Mills, W.H., and Welsch, L.R., Some new difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 14, 614–625, 1962.
Gordon, D.M., The prime power conjecture is true for n <2,000,000. Electron. J. Comb., 1, 1994.
Hall, M., Jr., Cyclic projective planes. Duke J. Math., 14, 1079–1090, 1947.
Hall, M., Jr., A survey of difference sets. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc, 7, 975–986, 1956.
Hall, M., Jr., Combinatorial Theory. 2nd Ed. Wiley, New York, 1986.
Hall, M. Jr., and Ryser, H.J., Cyclic incidence matricess. Canad. J. Math., 3, 495–502, 1951.
Hayashi, H.S., Computer investigation of difference sets. Math. Comp., 19, 73–78, 1965.
Ho, C.Y., On bounds for groups of multipliers of planar difference sets. J. Algebra, 148, 325–336, 1992.
Ho, C.Y., On multiplier groups of finite cyclic planes. J. Algebra, 122, 250–259, 1989.
Ho, C.Y., Planar Singer groups with even order multiplier groups. In: Finite Geometry and Combinatorics. (Eds. A. Beutelspacher, et al.,) Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 187–198, 1993.
Ho, C.Y., Projective planes with a regular collineation group and a question about powers of aprime. J. Algebra, 154, 141–151, 1993.
Ho, C.Y., Singer groups, an approach from a group of multipliers of even order. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc, 119, 925–930, 1993.
Ho, C.Y., Some basic properties of planar Singer groups. Geom. Ded., 55, 59–70, 1995.
Ho, C.Y., and Pott, A., On multiplier groups of planar difference sets and a theorem of Kantor. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc, 109, 803–808, 1990.
Iiams, J., Liebler, R., and Smith, K.W., In: Groups, Difference sets and the monster, (Eds: K.T. Arasu et al.,), DeGruyter Verlag, Berlin/New York, 157–168, 1996.
Ireland, K., and Rosen, M., A Classical Introduction to Modern Number Theory. Springer, New York, 1982.
Jedwab, J., Generalized perfect arrays and Menon difference sets, Designs, Codes, and Cryptography, 2, 19–68, 1992.
Jedwab, J., Non-existence of perfect binary arrays. Electron. Lett., 27, 1252–1254, 1991.
Jedwab, J., Non-existence of perfect binary arrays. Electron. Lett., 29, 99–101, 1993.
Jedwab, J., Mitchell, C., Piper, F., and Wild, P., Perfect binary arrays and difference sets. Discr. Math., 125, 241–254, 1994.
Johnsen, E.C., Skew-Hadamard abelian group difference sets. J. Algebra, 4, 388–402, 1966.
Jungnickel, D., Difference sets, In: Comtemporary Design Theory: A Collection of Surveys (Eds. J.H. Dinitz and D.R. Stinson), Wiley, New York, 241–324, 1992a.
Jungnickel, D., On Lander’s multiplier theorem for difference lists. J. Comb. Inf. System Sci., 17, 123–129, 1992b.
Jungnickel, D., and Pott, A., Difference sets: abelian. In: The CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs (Eds. C.J. Colbourn and J. Dinitz) CRC Press, Boca Raton, 297–312, 1996.
Jungnickel, D., and Pott, A., Two results on difference sets. Coll. Math. Soc. János Bolyai, 52, 325–330, 1988.
Jungnickel, D., and Schmidt, B., Difference sets: an update, In: Combinatorial Designs and Related Structure (Eds. J.W.P. Hirschfeld, S.S. Magliveras, and M.J. de Resmini), London Math. Soc. Lect. Not., 245, 89–112, 1997.
Jungnickel, D., and Vedder, K., On the geometry of planar difference sets. Europ. J. Combin., 5, 143–148, 1984.
Kantor, W.M., Exponential numbers of two-weight codes, difference sets and symmetric designs. Discrete Math., 46, 95–98, 1984.
Kantor, W.M., Primitive permutation groups of odd degree, and an application to finite projective planes. J. Alg., 106, 15–45, 1987.
Kibler, R.E., A summary of non-cyclic difference sets, k <20. J. Combin. Th., A25, 62–67, 1978.
Kopilovich, L.E., Difference sets in non-cyclic abelian groups. Kibernetika, 2, 20–23, 1989.
Kraemer, R.G., Proof of a conjecture on Hadamard 2-groups, J. Combin. Th., A63, 1–10, 1993.
Lander, E.S., Symmetric Designs: An Algebraic Approach, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1983.
Lander, E.S., Restrictions upon multipliers of an abelian difference set. Arch. Math., 50, 241–242, 1988.
Lehmer, E., On residue difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 5, 425–432, 1953.
Ma, S.L., and Schmidt, B., A sharp exponent bound for McFarland difference sets with p= 2. J. Comb. Th., A80, 347–352, 1997a.
Ma, S.L., and Schmidt, B:, Difference sets corresponding to a class of symmetric designs. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 10, 223–236, 1997.
Ma, S.L., and Schmidt, B., The structure of abelian groups containing McFarland difference sets, J. Comb. Th., A70, 313–322, 1995.
Ma, S.L., and Schmidt, B., On (p a , p, p a , p a-1-relative difference sets. Designs, Codes and Cryptography, 6, 57–71, 1995a.
Mann, H.B., Some theorems on difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 4, 222–226, 1952.
Mann, H.B., Balanced incomplete block designs and abelian difference sets. Illinois J. Math., 8, 252–261, 1964.
Mann, H.B., Addition Theorems, Wiley, New York, 1965.
Mann, H.B., Difference sets in elementary abelian groups. Illinois J. Math., 9, 212–219, 1965.
Mann, H.B., and McFarland, R.L., On Hadamard difference sets, In: A Survey of Combinatorial Theory(Eds. J.N. Srivastava et al.), North-Holland, Amsterdam, 333–334, 1973.
Mann, H.B., and Zaremba, S.K., On multipliers of difference sets. Illinois J. Math., 13, 378–382, 1969.
McFarland, R.L., Difference sets in abelian groups of order 4p 2, Mitt. Math. Sem., Giessen, 192,1–70, 1989.
McFarland, R.L., A family of difference sets in non-cyclic abelian groups. J. Comb. Th., A15, 1–10, 1973.
McFarland, R.L., On multipliers of abelian difference sets, Ph. D. Thesis., Ohio State University, 1970.
McFarland, R.L., and Mann, H.B., On multipliers of abelian difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 17, 541–542, 1965.
McFarland, R.L., Necessary conditions for Hadamard difference sets, In: Coding Theory and Design Theory(Ed. D.K. Ray-Chaudhuri), Springer, New York, 257–272, 1990a.
McFarland, R.L., Subdifference sets of Hadamard difference sets, J. Combin. Th., A54, 112–122, 1990b.
McFarland, R.L., and Rice, B.F., Translates and multipliers of abelian difference sets. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc., 68, 375–379, 1978.
Menon, P.K., Difference sets in abelian groups. Proc. Amer. Math. Soc, 11,368–376, 1960.
Menon, P.K., On difference sets whose parameters satisfy a certain relation, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc, 13,739–745, 1962.
Muzychuk, M., Difference sets with n= 2p m . J. algeb. Combin., 7, 77–89, 1998.
Newman, M., Multipliers of difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 15, 121–124, 1963.
Ostrom, T.G., Concerning difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 5, 421–424, 1953.
Pott, A., Applications of the DFT to abelian difference sets. Arch. Math., 51, 283–288, 1988.
Pott, A., Differenzenmengen und Gruppenalgebren, Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. Giessen, 1988.
Pott, A., Finite geometry and character theory, Lect. Not. Math., 1601, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1995.
Pott, A., New necessary conditions on the existence of abelian difference sets. Combinatorica, 12, 89–93, 1992.
Pott, A., On abelian difference set codes. Designs, Codes and Crypt., 2, 263–271, 1992.
Pott, A., On multipliers theorems. In: Coding Theory and Design Theory, Part II (Ed. D. Ray-Chaudhuri). Springer, New York, 286–289, 1990.
Qiu, W., A method for studying the multiplier conjecture and a partial solution to it. Ars. Comb., 39, 5–23, 1995.
Qiu, W., A necessary condition on the existence of abelian difference sets. Discr. Math., 137, 383–386, 1995.
Qiu, W., Further results on the multiplier conjecture for the case n= 2n 1 . J. Comb. Math. Comb. Comp., 20, 27–31, 1996.
Qiu, W., On the multiplier conjecture. Acta. Math. Sinica, New Series, 10, 49–58, 1994.
Qiu, W., Proving the multiplier theorem using representation theory of groups. Northeast Math. J., 9, 169–172, 1993.
Qiu, W., The multiplier conjecture for elemenatary abelian groups. J. Comb. Des., 2, 117–129, 1994.
Qiu, W., The multiplier conjecture for the case n = 4n 1 .J. Comb. Des., 3, 393–397, 1995.
Ray-Chaudhuri, D.K., and Xiang, Q., New necessary conditions for abelian Hadamard difference sets, J. Stat. Planning & Inf., 62, 69–80, 1997.
Rothaus, O.S., On “bent” functions. J. Combin. Th., A20, 300–305, 1976.
Schmidt, B., Circulant Hadamard matrices: overcoming non-selfconjugacy. Submitted.
Schmidt, B., Cyclotomic integers of prescribed absolute value and the class group. Submitted.
Schmidt, B., “Defferenzmengen und relative Defferenzmengen”, Augsburger Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Schriften Band 4, Augsburg, 1995.
Schmidt, B., Non-existence results on Chen and Davis-Jedwab difference sets. Submitted.
Schutzenberger, M.P., A non-existence theorem for an infinite family of symmetrical block designs. Ann. Eugenics., 14, 186–187, 1949.
Singer, J., A theorem in finite projective geometry and some applications to number theory. Trans. Amer, math Soc., 43, 377–385, 1938.
Smith, K.W., A table on non-abelian difference sets. In: “CRC Handbook of Combinatorial Designs” (Eds. C.J. Colbourn and J.H. Dinitz), CRC press, Boca Raton, 308–312, 1996.
Song, H.Y., and Golomb, S.W., On the existence of cyclic Hadamard difference sets. IEEE Trans. Inf. Th., 40, 1266–1268, 1994.
Spence, T., A family of difference sets in non-cyclic groups. J. Combin. Th., A22, 103–106, 1977.
Stanton, R.G., and Sprott, DA, A family of difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 11, 73–77, 1958.
Storer, J., Cyclotomy and Difference Sets. Markham, Chicago, 1967.
Takeuchi, K., A table of difference sets generating balanced incomplete block designs. Rev. Inst. int. Statist., 30, 361–366, 1962.
Turyn, R.J., Character sums and difference sets, Pacific J. Math., 15, 319–346, 1965.
Turyn, R.J., A special class of Willaimson matrices and difference sets, J. Combin. Th., A36, 111–115, 1984.
Turyn, R.J., The multiplier theorem for difference sets. Canad. J. Math., 16, 386–388, 1964.
van Eupen, M., and Tonchev, V.D., Linear codes and the existence of reversible Hadamard difference sets in Z 2 ×Z 2 × Z 45 , J. Combin. Th., A79, 161–167, 1997.
Vera Lopez, A., and Garcia Sanchez, M.A., On the existence of abelian difference sets with 100 < k ≤150. J. Comb. Math. Com. Comp., 23, 97–112, 1997.
Wei, R., Non-existence of some abelian difference sets. In: Combinatorial Design and Applications (Eds. W.D. Wallis, H. Shen, W Wei, and L. Zhu). Marcel Dekker, New York, 159–164, 1990.
Whiteman, A.L., A family of difference sets. Illinois J. Math., 6, 107–121, 1962.
Wilbrink, H.A., A note on planar difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A38, 94–95, 1985.
Wilson, R.M., and Xiang, Q., Constructions of Hadamard difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A77, 148–160, 1997.
Xia, M.Y., Some infinite classes of special Willaimson matrices and difference sets, J. Combin. Th., A36, 111–115, 1992.
Xiang, Q., Some results on multipliers and numerical multiplier groups of difference sets. Graph. Combin., 10, 293–304, 1994.
Xiang, Q., and Chen, Y.Q., On the size of the multiplier groups of cyclic difference sets. J. Combin. Th., A69, 168–169, 1995.
Xiang, Q., and Chen, Y.Q., On Xia’s construction of Hadamard difference sets. Finite Field. Appl., 2, 86–95, 1996.
Yamamoto, K., Decomposition fields of difference sets. Pacific J. Math., 13, 337–352, 1953.
Yamamoto, K., On Jacobi sums and difference sets. J. Combin. Th., 3, 146–181, 1967.
Yamamoto, K., On the application of half-norms to cyclic difference sets. In: Combinatorial Mathematics and Its Applications (Eds. R.C. Bose and TA. Dowling). University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, 1969.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 1999 Hindustan Book Agency (India) and Indian National Science Academy
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Arasu, K.T., Sehgal, S.K. (1999). On Abelian Difference Sets. In: Passi, I.B.S. (eds) Algebra. Trends in Mathematics. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9996-3_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9996-3_1
Publisher Name: Birkhäuser Basel
Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9998-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-9996-3
eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive