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Regulation of cytokine production by inhibitors of cell signalling

  • Chapter
Novel Cytokine Inhibitors

Part of the book series: Progress in Inflammation Research ((PIR))

Abstract

Cytokines are soluble messengers that play a pivotal role in regulating immune responses. They operate within a network where their effects are pleiotropic and their function is often redundant. Cytokines typically affect adjacent cells or even the cell of origin and act as paracrine, juxtacrine, autocrine or intracrine mediators. As with any biological system this regulation is in a delicate balance. An organism responds to disturbances in its physiological homeostasis by mounting an acute phase response, which is characterised by dramatic changes in the concentration of some plasma proteins termed acute phase proteins. IL-6 has been identified in vitro and in vivo as the major hepatocyte stimulating factor. Other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1, IL-12 and TNFα, are produced to orchestrate a cellular response to trauma or invasion of the body by pathogenic organisms. The cytokines mediate a wide range of symptoms associated with trauma and infection such as fever, anorexia, tissue wasting, and immunomodulation. Inappropriate or over-production of these same cytokines is associated with mortality and pathology in a wide range of diseases, such as malaria, sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, cancer and AIDS. As well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, there are anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-10, IL-11, IL-13 and TGFβ, whose function is to ameliorate the potentially harmful effects of pro-inflammatory mediators, thus restricting the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response.

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  1. Celltech Chiroscience, 216 Bath Road, Slough Berkshire, SL1 4EN, UK

    Rodger A. Allen & Stephen E. Rapecki

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  1. Rodger A. Allen
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  1. Celltech Chiroscience, 216 Bath Road, Slough Berkshire, SL1 4EN, UK

    Gerry A. Higgs

  2. Cellular Microbiology Research Group Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Gray’s Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, UK

    Brian Henderson

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Allen, R.A., Rapecki, S.E. (2000). Regulation of cytokine production by inhibitors of cell signalling. In: Higgs, G.A., Henderson, B. (eds) Novel Cytokine Inhibitors. Progress in Inflammation Research. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8450-1_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8450-1_3

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