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Epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance

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Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

Part of the book series: Milestones in Drug Therapy ((MDT))

Abstract

The fluoroquinolones is the first group of synthetic antibacterial agents available for clinical use. Since their introduction in the late 1980s, there has been a great expansion in the usage of fluoroquinolones as antimicrobial agents. Initially, these agents were primarily indicated in therapy of infections due to Gram negative bacteria and for prophylaxis in neutropenia or liver cirrhosis. With the introduction of agents with enhanced anti-Gram positive activities such as gatifloxacin and moxifloxacin, their indications have expanded to include acute bacterial infections of the respiratory tract and skin and soft tissue infections. Expectedly, resistance has become more prevalent among some organisms as the usage of this group of agents increased [1, 2]. The first resistant strains were found in microorganisms that are inherently less susceptible such as staphylococci andPseudomonas aeruginosa.However, reduced susceptibility or resistance has been recently broadened to Escherichia coli Salmonella spp.Campylobacter spp.Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.Wide variations in the rates of resistance have been reported depending on the bacterial species, clinical settings, origins of strains, geographic locations and pattern of usage. Generally speaking, resistance is more prevalent in developing countries than in developed parts of the world. In areas where there has been extensive veterinary use, particularly among food animals, resistance rates were also higher.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China

    Pak-Leung Ho & Vincent C. C. Cheng

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  1. Pak-Leung Ho
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  2. Vincent C. C. Cheng
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  1. Faculty of Medicine, The University of Manitoba, 409 Tacho Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R2H 2A6, Canada

    Allan R. Ronald

  2. Microbiology Laboratory, Mt. Sinai Hospital, 600 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X5, Canada

    Donald E. Low

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© 2003 Springer Basel AG

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Ho, PL., Cheng, V.C.C. (2003). Epidemiology and mechanisms of resistance. In: Ronald, A.R., Low, D.E. (eds) Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. Milestones in Drug Therapy. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8103-6_3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8103-6_3

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  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9437-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8103-6

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