Skip to main content

Quinolones in pneumonia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics

Part of the book series: Milestones in Drug Therapy ((MDT))

Abstract

Pneumonia is an infectious process involving the alveoli and distal airways. It can be divided into three entities based upon the site of acquisition of the pneumonia — community; nursing home; nosocomial.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Dixon RE (1985) Economic costs of respiratory tract infections in the United States.Am.I Med78: 45–51

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. National Centre for Health Statistics (1992) National hospital discharge survey: annual summary 1990.Vital Health Statistics13: 1–225

    Google Scholar 

  3. Fine MJ, Stone RA, Singer DE et al (1999) Processes and outcomes of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Results from the pneumonia patient outcomes research team (PORT) cohort.Arch Intern Med159: 970–980(This study presents the results of a comprehensive observation study of community-acquired pneumonia. Data are given on both ambulatory and hospitalized patients with pneumonia.)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Marrie TJ, Durant H, Yates L (1989) Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prospective study.Rev Infect Dis11: 586–599(A longitudinal study of patients with community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization for treatment. A major effort was made to define etiology of pneumonia. Patients with nursing home acquired pneumonia were included in the study and they are compared to patients from the community. All patients presenting with pneumonia were included in the study so it presents a comprehensive picture of CAP.)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Mandell LA, Marrie TJ, Grossman RF, Chow AW, Hyland RH, the Canadian Community-Acquired Pneumonia Working Group (2000) Canadian guidelines for the initial management of community-acquired pneumonia: An evidence-based update by the Canadian Infectious Diseases Society and the Canadian Thoracic Society.Clin Infect Dis31: 383–421(A comprehensive review of the literature on pneumonia with the objective of applying evidence based approach to guidelines for empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, Mandell LA, File TMJr Musher DM, Fine MJ (2000) Practice guidelines for the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults.Clin Infect Dis31: 347–382(Also a comprehensive approach to guidelines for the empiric treatment of CAP. There are some differences between the Canadian and American approaches to this common problem especially in the management of ambulatory pneumonia.)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  7. Niederuran MS, Mandell LA, Anzueto A et al (2001) Guidelines for the management of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Diagnosis, assessment of severity, antimicrobial therapy and prevention. AmJ Respir Crit Care Med163: 1730–1754(The most recent of the guidelines trinity. There are subtle differences in the recommendations among the three sets of guidelines. It is useful to read all three. Both the Canadian and this guideline have separate recommendations for ambulatory patients who have chronic obstructive lung disease. These recommendations are based on expert opinion.)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Hcffelfinger JO, Dowell SF, Jorgensen JH et al (2000) Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance. A report from the drug-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniaetherapeutic working group.Arch Intern Med160: 1339–1408(An admonition to reserve fluoroquinolones for the treatment of drug resistant S. pneumoniae and not to use them as first line agents in the empiric management of community-acquired pneumonia.)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Ball P (1999) New Fluoroquinolones: real and potential roles.Current Infect Dis Reports1: 470–479(A short but very good review of the new fluoroquinolones. A considerable portion of the paper deals with quinolones that are no longer in use.)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Zhanel GG, Waltky A, Vercaigne L, Karlowsky JA, Embil J, Gin AS et al (1999) The new fluoroquinolones: a critical review.Can J Infect Dis10: 207–238(A comprehensive review of fluoroquinolones; unfortunately it too devotes a lot of space to the quinolones that are no longer in use. The extensive biliography (257 references) is helpful.)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Perry CM, Barman Balfour JA, Lamb HM (1999) Gatifloxacin.Drugs58: 683–696

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Barman Balfour JA, Wiseman LR (1999) Moxifloxacin.Drugs57: 363–373

    Google Scholar 

  13. Meehan TP, Fine MJ, Krumholz HM, Scinto JD, Galusha DH, Mockalis JT et al (1997) Quality of care, process and outcomes in elderly patients with pneumonia.JAMA278: 2080(A study that proves that timely administration of antibiotics to elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia saves lives.)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Gleason PP, Meehan TP, Fine JM, Galusha DH, Fine MJ (1999) Associations between initial antimicrobial therapy and medical outcomes for hospitalized elderly patients with pneumonia.Arch Intern Med159: 2562–2572(A retrospective chart review which indicates that there are differences in outcomes for elderly patients with community-acquired pneumonia according to the antibiotic therapy that is chosen. The study design weakens the conclusions.)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. File TM, Segreti J, Dunbar L et al (1997) A multicenter, randomised study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacinversusceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia.Antimicrob Agents Chemother41: 1965–1972(A well designed study which indicates that levofloxacin is better than the cephalosporin comparators.)

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Tremolieres F, de Kock F, Pluck Daniel R (1998) Trovafloxacinversushigh dose amoxicillin (1 g three times daily) in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis17: 447–453(This study is now of historic interest only.)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. USDepartment of Health Human Services Food Drug Administration (1999) FDA issues public health advisory on liver toxicity associate with the antibiotic Trovan [FDA talk paper]. Rockville, MD

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ramirez J, Nguyen T-H, Tellier G et al (1999) Treating community-acquired pneumonia with once-daily gatifloxacin vs twice-daily clarithromycin.J Respir Dis20: S40–S48

    Google Scholar 

  19. Dowell M, Mayer H, Anderson A et al (1999) A randomised, double-blind, multicenter, comparative study of gatifloxacin (GAT) 400 mg IV and PO vs ceftriaxone +/-erythromycin (CTX +1ERY) in treatment of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalisation [abstract]. 39th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, 1999, Sep 26–29, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  20. Marrie TJ, Lau Cy Wheeler SL, Wong CJ, Vandervoort MK, Feagan BG for the CAPITALStudy Investigators (2000) A controlled trial of a critical pathway for treatment of community-acquired pneumonia.JAMA283: 749–755(A trial that show that a critical pathway (practice guidelines for admission, switch from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy and discharge) is equivalent to standard therapy for community acquired pneumonia in terms of mortality, intensive care admission rate, failure of outpatient therapy, and complications but is associated with a significant decrease in the number of bed days per patient managed and fewer days on intravenous therapy.)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Marrie TJ, Lau CY, Wheeler SL, Wong CJ, Feagan BG (2000) Predictors of symptom resolution in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.Clin Infect Dis31: 1362–1367(The antibiotic chosen to treat pneumonia is one of the factors associated with persistent symptoms at follow-up.)

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Kreis S, the Therapeutic Circle Investigators (2000) Moxifloxacin compared to azithromycin in the treatment of acute exacerbations of acute bronchitis: an interim analysis of the Therapeutics Circles Program.Chest118: S243

    Google Scholar 

  23. Ho Pl Tse Ws Tsan KW, Kwok Tit NTk Cheung VCC, Chan RMT (2001) Risk factors for acquistion of lefofloxacin-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniae:A case-control study.Clin Infect Dis32: 701–707

    Google Scholar 

  24. Chen DK, McGeer A, de Azavedo JC, Low DE, The Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network (1999) Decreased susceptibility ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto fluoroquinolones in Canada.N Engl J Med341: 233–239

    Google Scholar 

  25. Robson HG, Lavallee J (2001) Rapidly increasing resistance ofStreptococcus pneumoniaeto penicillin, macrolides and fluoroquinolones in a Canadian teaching hospital. Abstract C2–704; 41 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, page 133, American Society for Microbiology, Chicago, Illinois, December 2001

    Google Scholar 

  26. Morrissey I, Farrell DJ, Enright MC, Felmingham D. Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistantStreptococcus pneumoniaePROTEK 2000 isolates from Hong Kong. Abstract C2–703. 41 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, page 133, American Society for Microbiology, Chicago, Illinois, December 2001

    Google Scholar 

  27. Nichol KA, Smith Hj Hoban DJ, Zhanel GG (2001) Genetic relationship of fluoroquinolone (FQ)resistantStreptococcus pneumoniaein Canada. Abstrac C2–701. 41 Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, American Society for Microbiology, Chicago, Illinois, 132

    Google Scholar 

  28. Palmer RM (1995) Acute care of the elderly: minimizing the risk of functional decline.Cleveland Cl J Med62: 117–128

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Medina-Walpole AM, Katz PR (1999) Nursing home-acquired pneumonia.JAm Geriatric Soc47: 1005–1015

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Loeb M, McGeer A, McArthur M, Walter S, Simor AS (1999) Risk factors for pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections in elderly residents of long — term care facilities.Arch Intern Med159: 2058–2064

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Muder RR (1998) Pneumonia in residents of long-term care facilities: epidemiology, etiology, management and prevention.Am J Med105: 319–330

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. El-Solh AA, Sikka P, Ramadan F, Davies J (2001) Etiology of severe pneumonia in the very elderly. AmJ Respir Crit Care Med 163:645–651

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Patriarca PA, Weber JA, Parker SA et al (1986) Risk factors for outbreaks of influenza in nursing homes. AmJ Epidemiol124: 114–119

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Sorvillo FJ, Huie SF, Strassburg MA, Butsumyo A, Shandera WX, Fannin SL (1984) An outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in a nursing home for the elderly.J Infect9: 252–256

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Kludt P, Lett SM, De Maria A et al (1997) Outbreaks of pneumococcal pneumonia among unvaccinated residents in chronic care facilites — Massachusetts, October 1995, Oklahama, February 1996 and Maryland, May-June 1996.Morbid Mortal Wkly Rpt46: 60–62

    Google Scholar 

  36. Troy CJ, Peeling RW, Ellis AG et al (1997)Chlamydia pneumoniaeas a new source of infectious outbreaks in nursing homes.JAMA277: 1214–1218

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Loeb M, Simor AE, Mandell L et al (1999) Two nursing home outbreaks of respiratory infection withLegionella sainthelensi. JAm Geriatr Soc47: 547–552

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Kotilaninen P, Routamaa M, Peltonen R, Evesti P, Eerola E, Salmenlinna S et al (2001) Eradication of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusfrom a health center ward and associated nursing home.Arch Intern Med161: 859–863

    Google Scholar 

  39. Terpenning MS, Bradley SF, Wan JY, Chenoweth CE, Jorgensen KA, Kauffman CA (1994) Colonization and infection with antibiotic resistant bacteria in a long-term care facility.J Am Geriatr Soc42: 1062–1069

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Flournoy DJ (1994) Antimicrobial susceptibilities of bacteria from nursing home residents in Oklahoma.Gerontology40: 53–56

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Marrie TJ, Durant H, Yates L (1989) Community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: 5-year prosepctive study.Rev Infect Dis11:586–599

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Garb JL, Brown RB et al (1978) Differences in etiology of pneumonias in nursing home and community patients.JAm Med Assoc240: 2169–2172

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Orr PH, Peeling RW, Fast M et al (1996) Serological study of responses to selected pathogens causing respiratory tract infection in the institutionalized elderly.Clinical Infect Dis23: 1240

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. Phillips SL, Branaman-Phillips J (1993) The use of intramuscular cefoperazoneversusintramuscular ceftriaxone in patients with nursing home acquired pneumonia.J Am Geriatr Soc41: 1071–1074

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Drinka PJ, Gauerke C, Voeks S, Miller J, Schultz S, Krause P et al (1994) Pneumonia in a nursing home.J Gen Intern Med9: 650–652

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Chow CW, Senathiragah N, Rawji M et al (1994) Interim report on drug utilization review of community-acquired and nosocomial pneumonia: clinical bacteriological and radiological spectrum.Can J Infect Dis5 Suppl C: 20C–27C

    Google Scholar 

  47. Naughton BJ, Mylotte JM (2000) Treatment guideline for nursing home-acquired pneumonia based on community practice.JAm Geriatr Soc48: 82–88

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Peterson PK, Stein D, Guay DRP et al (1988) Prospective study of lower respiratory tract infections in an extended-care nursing home program: Potential role of oral ciprofloxacin. AmJ Med85: 164–171

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Hirta-Dulas CAI, Stein DJ, Guay DRP et al (1991) A randomized study of ciprofloxacinversusceftriaxone in the treatment of nursing home-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.J Am Geriatr Soc39: 979–985

    Google Scholar 

  50. Nicolle LE, Bentley DW, Garibaldi R, Neuhaus EG, Smith PW, the SHEALong Term-Care com-mittee (2000) Antimicrobial use in long-term-care facilities. SHEA Long-Term-Care Committee.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol21: 537–545

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Dal Nogare AR (1994) Nosocomial pneumonia in the medical and surgical patient. Risk factors and primary management.Med Clin NAm78: 1081–1090

    Google Scholar 

  52. Bartlett JG, O’Keefe P, Tally FP et al (1986) Bacteriology of hospital-acquired pneumonia.Arch Intern Med146: 868–871

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Centers for Disease Control (1997) Guidelines for prevention of nosocomial pneumonia.MMWR46: RR1: 1–85

    Google Scholar 

  54. Celis R, Torres A, Gatell JM et al (1988) Nosocomial pneumonia: a multivariate analysis of risk and prognosis.Chest93: 318–324

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Torres A, Aznar R, Gatell JM et al (1990) Incidence, risk, and prognosis factors of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients.Am Rev Respir Dis142: 523–528

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Fink MP, Snydman DR, Niederman MS et al (1994) Treatment of severe pneumonia in hospitalizaed patients: Results of a multicenter, randomized, double-blind trial comparing intravenous ciprofloxacin with imipenem-cilastatin.Antimicrobial Agents Chemother38: 547–557

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2003 Springer Basel AG

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Marrie, T.J. (2003). Quinolones in pneumonia. In: Ronald, A.R., Low, D.E. (eds) Fluoroquinolone Antibiotics. Milestones in Drug Therapy. Birkhäuser, Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8103-6_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8103-6_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Birkhäuser, Basel

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-0348-9437-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-0348-8103-6

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics