Abstract
The crisis of the European Economic and Monetary Union and the measures adopted to reverse it, known as ‘integration-through-crisis’, have led to a significant increase in inequality not only between, but also within, member states. The reason for these changes to European post-war social models may be found in the new legal-political model for the European Union that was launched with the Treaty of Maastricht in 1992. Its most disruptive effects were seen between 2010 and 2014, the period corresponding to the management of the crisis in European economic governance. The commodification and privatisation of essential public services (education, health, social services, public housing, electricity and gas services), underpinned by a supranational strategy of liberalisation through market-driven policies, including social and employment policies, has been the main manifestation of the European ‘badfare’ state.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Auer, P. (2010). What’s in a name? The rise (and fall?) of flexicurity. Journal of Industrial Relations, 52(3), 371–380.
Backes, S., Gkiougki, J., Kay, S., Konstantinidis, C., Mattheisen, E., Sakali, C., Tzekou, E.-E., Vatikiotis, L., & Vervest, P. (Eds.). (2018). Democracy not for sale. The struggle for food sovereignty in the age of austerity in Greece. Transnational Institute, FIAN International and Agroecopolis.
Bogoeski, V. (2018). The EU political culture of total optimism is not dead: Reflections on the European Pillar of Social Rights. In J. Hien & Chr. Joerges (Eds.), Responses of European economic cultures to Europe’s crisis politics: The example of German-Italy discrepancies (pp. 196–200). European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
Burroni, L., & Keune, M. (2011). Flexicurity. A conceptual critique. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 17(1), 75–91.
Costamagna, F. (2018a). National social spaces as adjustment variables in the EMU: A critical legal appraisal. European Law Journal, 24, 173–178.
Costamagna, F. (2018b). An alternative to the constitution of the EU’s single market? In J. Hien & Chr. Joerges (Eds.), Responses of European economic cultures to Europe’s crisis politics: The example of German-Italy discrepancies (pp. 182–187). European University Institute, Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies.
Deakin, S. (2017). What follows austerity? From social pillar to new deal. In F. Vandenbroucke, C. Barnard, & G. De Baere (Eds.), A European social union after the crisis (pp. 160–191). Cambridge University Press.
European Anti-Poverty Network. (2019). Getting results on poverty and the Social Pillar. EAPN response to the annual growth survey package 2019. Brussels.
European Commission. (2010). Europe 2020. A strategy for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. COM(2010) 2020. https://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/COMPLET%20EN%20BARROSO%20%20%20007%20-%20Europe%202020%20-%20EN%20version.pdf
European Commission. (2017a). White paper on the future of Europe. Reflections and scenarios for the EU27 by 2025. COM(2017)2025 of 1 March 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/white_paper_on_the_future_of_europe_en.pdf
European Commission. (2017b). Reflection paper on the social dimension of Europe. COM(2017) 206 of 28 April 2017. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/reflection-paper-social-dimension-europe_en.pdf
European Commission. (2019). The social scoreboard. Supporting the European Pillar of Social Rights. https://composite-indicators.jrc.ec.europa.eu/social-scoreboard/#about
European Council. (2010). Conclusions. Brussels, 17 June 2010. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eu2020/pdf/council_conclusion_17_june_en.pdf
Eurostat. (2019a). Unemployment statistics. Data up to May 2019. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Unemployment_statistics
Eurostat. (2019b). EU statistics on income and living conditions (EU-SILC) methodology. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/EU_statistics_on_income_and_living_conditions_%28EU-SILC%29_methodology
European Union. (2017). European pillar of social rights. https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/social-summit-european-pillar-social-rights-booklet_en.pdf
European Union. (n.d.-a). Stability and growth pact. https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/eu-economic-governance-monitoring-prevention-correction/stability-and-growth-pact_en
European Union. (n.d.-b). The European semester. https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/economic-and-fiscal-policy-coordination/eu-economic-governance-monitoring-prevention-correction/european-semester_en#:~:text=The%20European%20Semester%20provides%20a%20framework%20for%20the,monitor%20progress%20at%20specific%20times%20throughout%20the%20year
Ferrera, M. (2017). The European social union: A missing but necessary ‘political good’. In F. Vandenbroucke, C. Barnard, & G. De Baere (Eds.), A European social union after the crisis (pp. 3–46). Cambridge University Press.
Ferrera, M. (2016). The contentious politics of hospitality: Intra-EU mobility and social rights. European Law Journal, 22(6), 797–800.
Giubboni, S. (2018). L'insostenibile leggerezza del Pilastro europeo dei diritti sociali. Politica del Diritto, 49(4), 557–578.
Goetschy, J. (1999). The European employment strategy: Genesis and development. European Journal of Industrial Relations, 5, 122–123.
Heyes, J., & Lewis, P. (2013). Employment protection under fire: Labour market deregulation and employment in the European Union. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 35(4), 587–607.
Hyman, R. (2015). Austeritarianism in Europe: What options for resistance? In D. Natali & B. Vanhercke (Eds.), Social policy in the European Union: State of play (pp. 97–121). European Trade Union Institute.
Horemans, J., Marx, I., & Nolan, B. (2016). Hanging in, but only just: Part-time employment and in-work poverty throughout the crisis. IZA Journal of European Labor Studies, 5, 1–19.
Juncker, J. C. (2014). A new start for Europe: My agenda for jobs, growth, fairness and democratic change. Political guidelines for the next European Commission. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/sites/beta-political/files/juncker-political-guidelines-speech_en.pdf
Kowalsky, W. (2015). Where now for the Europe 2020 Strategy? Available at: https://www.socialeurope.eu/now-europe-2020-strategy
Liebert, U. (2016). TINA revisited: Why alternative narratives of the Eurozone crisis matter. In P. Iglesias-Rodriguez, A. Triandafyllidou, & R. Gropas (Eds.), After the financial crisis: Shifting legal, economic and political paradigms (pp. 308–309). Palgrave Macmillan.
Malgesini, G., Cesarini-Sforza, L., & Babovic, M. (Eds.). (2017). Gender and poverty in Europe. European Anti-Poverty Network.
Natali, D., Vanhercke, B., & Johnson, R. (2015). Introduction. The EU and the social legacy of the crisis: Piecemeal adjustment or room for a paradigm shift? In D. Natali & B. Vanhercke (Eds.), Social policy in the European Union: State of play (pp. 13–29). European Trade Union Institute.
Nic Shuibne, N. (2015). Limits rising, duties ascending: The changing legal shape of union citizenship. Common Market Law Review, 52(4), 889–937.
Official Journal of the European Union. (2012). Treaty on the functioning of the European Union. C 326/390. 26 October, 2012. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:12012E/TXT.
Peña-Casas, R., Ghailani, D., Spasova, S., & Vanchercke, B. (Eds.). (2019). In-work poverty in Europe. A study of national policies (pp. 52–55). European Social Policy Network. European Commission.
Schneider, M. P. A., Kinsella, S., & Godin, A. (2015). Redistribution in the age of austerity: Evidence from Europe 2006–13. Levy Economics Institute Working Paper Collection, 856, 2–18.
Snell, J. (2016). The trilemma of European Economic and Monetary integration, and its consequences. European Law Journal, 22(2), 164–171.
Thym, D. (2015). The elusive limits of solidarity: Residence rights of and social benefits or economically inactive union citizens. Common Market Law Review, 52(1), 17–50.
Verschueren, H. (2015). Preventing ‘benefit tourism’ in the EU: A narrow or broad interpretation of the possibilities offered by the ECJ in Dano? Common Market Law Review, 52(2), 363–365.
Visser, J. (2000). From Keynesianism to the third way: Labour relations and social policy in postwar Western Europe. Economic and Industrial Democracy, 21(4), 421–456.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
López, A.L. (2022). Criminalising Poverty: The Stigma of Social Inequalities Within the Constitutional Framework of the European Union ‘Workfare State’. In: Escajedo San-Epifanio, L., Rebato Ochoa, E.M. (eds) Ethics of Charitable Food. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93600-6_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93600-6_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-93599-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-93600-6
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)