Abstract
This chapter discusses several features concerning the most interesting compounds with claimed and demonstrable antimicrobial action, provided these substances are of vegetable origin. This discussion concerns different types of molecules and materials, and some differences may be also evaluated when speaking of ambits of use. The available uses concern life and health extension, protection of crops, enhancement of durability values concerning food products, etc. Anyway, each antimicrobial power or feature has to be reliable on the basis of dedicated clinical experiments and in vivo or in vitro studies. The most powerful additive or antimicrobial contrasting agent cannot completely eradicate microbial survival and related effects, similarly to the inevitability of food perishability, in accordance with the Parisi’s First Law of Food Degradation. With relation to herbal extracts, antimicrobial properties are generally ascribed to more than ten classes, from the chemical viewpoint, including alkaloids, coumarins, phenolics, polyamines, tannins and terpenes. On the international ground, research on herbal extracts with some antimicrobial claim has been reported interesting results and reliable data. By the viewpoint of Indian researchers, several facts have been reported when speaking of Acacia nilotica, Datura stramonium, Azadirachta indica extracts, and two mixtures—triphala and mahasudarshan churna. Traditional herbal medicines and remedies in India are able to exhibit good antimicrobial properties. Recent efforts by Indian researchers still continue in this ambit.
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Abbreviations
- AST:
-
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test
- AOAC:
-
Association of Official Analytical Chemists
- CLSI:
-
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute
- COVID-19:
-
COronaVIrus Disease 19
- ISO:
-
International Organization for Standardization
- MIC:
-
Minimum inhibitory concentration
- SARS-CoV-2:
-
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
- TLC:
-
Thin-layer chromatography
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Sharma, R.K., Micali, M., Rana, B.K., Pellerito, A., Singla, R.K. (2021). Indian Herbal Extracts as Antimicrobial Agents. In: Indian Herbal Medicines. SpringerBriefs in Molecular Science(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80918-8_2
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