Abstract
This paper is a review of recent research, in which fuzzy metrics and their applications in image processing are studied. The notions of the fuzzy T-metric and the fuzzy S-metric are presented, after which, examples of known fuzzy metrics are provided, along with theorems that enable algorithms to develop new metrics. Two applications of fuzzy metrics in image processing are illustrated: Image filtering and Copy-move forgery detection. Image filtering reduces the amount of noise, while maintaining satisfactory image quality. The aim was to improve the sharpness and quality of the image, measured by the image quality indices UIQI and CPBD. It is illustrated that the image filtered with this modified algorithm has better quality and greater sharpness than images filtered with the median filter. The fuzzy metric parameters that produce images with the best quality and sharpness are determined experimentally. The digital image falsification obtained by copying and pasting part of the original image into another part of the same image is also considered. Copy-move forgery detection (CMFD) is one of the methods used to detect such forgeries in images. A cluster algorithm that successfully solves this problem is presented.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alkawaz, M.H., Sulong, G., Saba, T., Rehman, A.: Detection of copymove image forgery based on discrete cosine transform. Neural Comput. Appl. 1–10 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-016-2663-3
Astola, J., Haavisto, P., Neuvo, Y.: Vector median filters. Proc. IEEE 78(4), 678–689 (1990). https://doi.org/10.1109/554807
Bloch, I.: On fuzzy distances and their use in image processing under imprecision. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 32, 1873–1895 (1999)
Davidović, T., Teodorović, D., Šelmić, M.: Bee colony optimization part i: the algorithm overview. Yugoslav J. Oper. Res. 25(1), 33–56 (2015). https://doi.org/10.2298/YJOR131011017D
Davidović, T., Glišović, N., Rašković, M.: Bee colony optimization for clustering incomplete data. In: The 7th International Conference on Optimization Problems and Their Applications OPTA-2018, pp. 8–14 (2018)
Deza, M.M., Deza, E.: Encyclopedia of Distances. Springer, Berlin (2009)
Glišović, N., Davidović, T., Rašković, M.: Clustering when data are missing using the environment variable method. In: XLIV Symposium on Operations Research SYMOPIS, pp. 158–165, Zlatibor, September 25–28, ISBN 978-86-7488- 135-4 (2017)
Grabisch, M., Marichal, J.L., Mesiar, R., Pap, E.: Aggregation functions. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2009)
Gregori, V., Morillas, S., Roig, B., Sapena, A.: Fuzzy averaging filter for impulse noise reduction in colour images with a correction step. J. Vis. Commun. Image Represent. 55, 518–528 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvcir.2018.06.025
Gregori, V., Morillas, S., Sapena, A.: Examples of fuzzy metrics and applications. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 170(1), 95–111 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1018/f.fss.2010.10.019
Gregori, V., Romaguera, S.: Some properties of fuzzy metric spaces. Fuzzy Sets Syst. 115(3), 485–489 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(98)00281-4
Jain, A.K.: Data clustering: 50 years beyond \(K-\)means. Pattern Recognit. Lett. 31(8), 651–666 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.patrec.2009.09.011
Karaklić, D., Gajić, Lj., Ralević, N.M.: Some fixed point results in a strong probabilistic metric spaces. Filomat 33(8), 2201–2209 (2019). https://doi.org/10.2298/FIL1908201K
Klement, E.P., Mesiar, R., Pap, E.: Triangular Norms. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (2000)
Klir, G.J., Yuan, B.: Fuzzy Sets and Fuzzy Logic: Theory and Applications. Prentice Hall, New Jersey (1995)
Lučić, P., Teodorović, D.: Bee system: modeling combinatorial optimization transportation engineering problems by swarm intelligence. In: Preprints 340 of the TRISTAN IV Triennial Symposium on Transportation Analysis, Sao Miguel, Azores Islands, Portugal, pp. 441–445 (2001)
Martin, D., Fowlkes, C., Tal, D., Malik, J.: A database of human segmented natural images and its application to evaluating segmentation algorithms and measuring ecological statistics. In: Proceedings eighth IEEE international conference on computer vision. ICCV 2001, pp. 416–423 (2001)
Milosavljević, N.S., Ralević, N. M.: Fuzzy Metaheuristics Algorithm for Copy-Move Forgery Detection in Images. 20th International Workshop on Combinatorial Image Analysis, Novi Sad, Serbia, 16–18 Jul, 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 T. Lukić et al. (Eds.): IWCIA 2020, LNCS 12148, pp. 273–281 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51002-2_20
Mladenović, N., Hansen, P.: Variable neighborhood searchs. Comput. Oper. Res. 24(11), 1097–1100 (1997)
Mladenović, N., Brimberg, J., Hansen, P., Moreno-Perez, J.: The \(p-\)median problem: a survey of metaheuristic approaches. Eur. J. Oper. Res. 179(3), 927–939 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2005.05.034
Morillas, S., Gregori, V., Peris-Fajarnes, G., Latorre, P.: A fast impulsive noise color image filter using fuzzy metrics. Real-Time Imaging 11(5–6), 417–428 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rti.2005.06.007
Morillas, S., Gregori, V., Peris-Fajarnes, G., Latorre, P.: A new vector median filter based on fuzzy metrics. In: Kamel, M., Campilho, A. (Eds.). Image Analysis and Recognition - ICIAR2005, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 3656, pp. 81–90. Springer, Berlin (2005). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2767335
Morillas, S., Gregori, V., Peris-Fajarnes, G., Sapena, A.: New adaptive vector filter using fuzzy metrics. J. Electron. Imaging 16(3), 033,007:1–15 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1116/1.2767335
Narvekar, N.D., Karam, L.J.: An improved no-reference sharpness metric based on the probability of blur detection. In: Conference Proceedings 2009 International Workshop on Video Processing and Quality Metrics or Consumer Electronics (VPQM) (2010)
Nedovic, L., Ralevic, N., Pavkov, I.: Aggregated distance functions and their application in image processing. Soft Comput. 22(14), 4723–4739 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-017-2657-9
Ralević, N.M., Karaklić, D., Pištinjat, N.: Fuzzy metric and its applications in removing the image noise. Soft Comput. 23(22), 12049–12061 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-03762-5
Ralević, N.M., Paunović, M., Iričanin, B.: Fuzzy metric spaces and applications in imahe processing. Math. Montisnigri 48, 103–117 (2020). https://doi.org/10.20948/mathmontis-2020-48-9
Ralević, N.M., Gajić, Lj.: Max-min combination fuzzy \(S-\)metrics. In: The Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Mathematics in Engineering: Theory and Applications. META: Faculty of Technical Sciences, May 9–10th, 2020. Novi Sad, Serbia (2020)
Ralević, N., Paunović, M.: Applications of the Fuzzy Metrics in Image Denoising and Segmentation. Technical Gazette 28(3) (2021). https://doi.org/10.17559/TV-20200305075136
Ralević, N. M., Milosavljević, N.S.: Fuzzy metric and its applications in Copy-move forgery detection in image. Iranian journal of fuzzy systems (submitted)
Schweizer, B., Sklar, A.: Probabilistic Metric Spaces. Elsevier North-Holland, New York (1983)
Smolka, B., Szczepanski, M., Plataniotis, K.N., Venetsanopoulos, A.N.: On the fast modified vector median filter. Can. Conf. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2(2), 1315–1320 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1109/CCECE.2001.93.23636
Wang, Z., Bovik, A.C.: A universal image quality index. IEEE Signal Proc. Lett. 9(3), 81–84 (2002). https://doi.org/10.1109/97.995823
Acknowledgements
The author has been supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development through the project no. 451-03-68/2020-14/200156: “Innovative scientific and artistic research from the FTS (activity) domain”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ralević, N. (2021). Fuzzy Metrics and Its Applications in Image Processing. In: Pap, E. (eds) Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 973. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72711-6_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72711-6_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-72710-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-72711-6
eBook Packages: Intelligent Technologies and RoboticsIntelligent Technologies and Robotics (R0)