Skip to main content

The Role of Chatbots in Foreign Language Learning: The Present Situation and the Future Outlook

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Applications

Part of the book series: Studies in Computational Intelligence ((SCI,volume 973))

Abstract

While crucial for all language learners, conversation practice can be very expensive and challenging to get enough of. Chatbots are computer programs developed to engage in conversations with humans. They are designed as software avatars with limited, but growing, conversational capability. The most natural and potentially powerful application of chatbots is related to their fundamental nature—language practice. However, their role and outcomes within (in)formal language learning are currently tangential at best. Existing research has generally focused on chatbots’ comprehensibility and the motivation they inspire in their users. In this paper, we provide an overview of chatbots for learning languages, critically analyze existing approaches, and discuss the major challenges for future research.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    There are 7,000 languages in use around the world—this is why they matter: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/02/how-some-endangered-languages-thrive (Retrieved on 28.12.2020).

References

  1. Amazon Alexa voice assistant.: Retrieved from https://developer.amazon.com/en-US/alexa, 28 Dec. 2020

  2. Google Assistant services.: Retrieved from https://assistant.google.com/, 28 Dec. 2020

  3. Moore, R.J., and Arar, R.: Conversational UX design: a practitioner’s guide to the natural conversation framework. Morgan & Claypool, San Rafael (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Höhn, S.: Artificial companion for second language conversation. Springer International Publishing, Berlin (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Fryer, L.K., et al.: Stimulating and sustaining interest in a language course: an experimental comparison of Chatbot and Human task partners. Comput. Human Behav. 75, 461–468 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fryer, L.K., Nakao, K., Thompson, A.: Chatbot learning partners: connecting learning experiences, interest and competence. Comput. Human Behav. 93, 279–289 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hwang, I., Lee, Y., Yoo, C., Min, C., Yim, D., Kim, J.: Towards interpersonal assistants: next-generation conversational agents. IEEE Pervasive Comput. 18(2), 21–31 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Klopfenstein, L.C., Delpriori, S., Malatini, S., and Bogliolo, A.: The rise of bots: a survey of conversational interfaces, patterns, and paradigms. In: Proceedings of the 2017 Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, pp. 555–565. ACM Press, New York (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Go, E., Sundar, S.S.: Humanizing chatbots: the effects of visual, identity and conversational cues on humanness perceptions. Comput. Human Behav. 97, 304–316 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ruan, S., et al.: BookBuddy: turning digital materials into interactive foreign language lessons through a voice chatbot. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM Conference on Learning @ Scale, p. 30 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Winkler, R., Söllner, M.: Unleashing the potential of chatbots in education: a state-of-the-art analysis (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  12. HelloTalk mobile application for learning foreign languages with native speakers. Retrieved from https://www.hellotalk.com, 28 Dec. 2020

  13. Duolingo web and mobile platform for learning foreign languages. Retrieved from https://www.duolingo.com/learn, 28 Dec. 2020

  14. Rosetta Stone web and mobile platform for learning foreign languages. Retrieved from https://www.rosettastone.com/, 28 Dec. 2020

  15. Memrise web and mobile application for learning foreign languages from native speakers. Retrieved from https://www.memrise.com/, 28 Dec. 2020

  16. WordUp mobile application for improving English vocabulary. Retrieved from https://www.wordupapp.co/, 28 Dec. 2020

  17. Deterding, S., Dixon, D., Khaled, R., Nacke, L.: From game design elements to gamefulness: defining “gamification”. In: Proceedngs of the 15th International Academic MindTrek Conference: Envisioning Future Media Environments, pp. 9–15 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hung, H.T., Yang, J.C., Hwang, G.J., Chu, H.C., Wang, C.C.: A scoping review of research on digital game-based language learning. Comput. Educat. 126, 89–104 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Zou, D., Huang, Y., Xie, H.: Digital game-based vocabulary learning: where are we and where are we going? Comput. Assist. Lang. Learn. 34, 1–27 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Duolingo—translating user research into improved design. Retrieved from, https://uxplanet.org/duolingo-e3e47d2b41ba, 28 Dec. 2020

  21. Kahoot! web educational platform. Retrieved from https://kahoot.com/, https://kahoot.it, 28 Dec. 2020

  22. Ver-taal language exercises for foreigners. Retrieved from www.ver-taal.com, 28 Dec. 2020

  23. Botlist collection of chatbots for learning languages. Retrieved from https://botlist.co/collections/@Taell/express-yourself, 28 Dec. 2020

  24. Chatbots for learning languages. Retrieved from https://chatbots.org/industry/learnlookup/, 28 Dec. 2020

  25. 7 of the Best Language-Learning Chatbot Apps. Retrieved from https://blog.vsoftconsulting.com/blog/7-of-the-best-language-learning-chatbot-apps, 28 Dec. 2020

  26. 5 Resources for Chatbots to Be Your Language Learning BFFs. Retrieved from https://www.fluentu.com/blog/language-learning-chatbot/, 28 Dec. 2020

  27. 7 Powerful Chatbot Apps for Learning Languages. Retrieved from https://www.tristatetechnology.com/blog/best-language-learning-chatbot-apps/, 28 Dec. 2020

  28. Pham, X.L., Pham, T., Nguyen, Q.M., Nguyen, T.H., Cao, T.T.H.: Chatbot as an intelligent personal assistant for mobile language learning. In: Proceedings of the 2018 2nd International Conference on Education and E-Learning, pp. 16–21 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Harms, J.G., Kucherbaev, P., Bozzon, A., Houben, G.J.: Approaches for dialog management in conversational agents. IEEE Internet Comput. 23(2), 13–22 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Google DialogFlow platform for chatbot development. Retrieved from https://dialogflow.com/, 28 Dec. 2020

  31. Mondly Chatbot for learning foreign languages. Retrieved from https://app.mondly.com/, 28 Dec. 2020

  32. Andy Chatbot for learning the English language. Retrieved from https://andychatbot.com/, 28 Dec. 2020

  33. Babbel Chatbot for learning foreign languages. Retrieved from https://it.babbel.com/, 28 Dec. 2020

  34. Lanny Chatbot for learning the Korean language. Retrieved from https://web.eggbun.net/, 28 Dec. 2020

  35. A Trainable Spaced Repetition Model for Language Learning. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.7910/DVN/N8XJME, 28 Dec. 2020

  36. ChatScript—an open source authoring tool for building textual chatbots. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChatScript, 28 Dec. 2020

  37. Google TensorFlow Machine Learning platforms. Retrieved from https://www.tensorflow.org/, 28 Dec. 2020

  38. Gursoy, D., et al.: Consumers acceptance of artificially intelligent (AI) device use in service delivery. Int. J. Inf. Manag. 49, 157–169 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Steen, M.: Co-design as a process of joint inquiry and imagination. Design Issues 29(2), 16–28. MIT Press (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Wordnet—the largest lexical database of English. Retrieved from https://wordnet.princeton.edu/, 28 Dec. 2020

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jasna Petrović .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Petrović, J., Jovanović, M. (2021). The Role of Chatbots in Foreign Language Learning: The Present Situation and the Future Outlook. In: Pap, E. (eds) Artificial Intelligence: Theory and Applications. Studies in Computational Intelligence, vol 973. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72711-6_17

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics