Abstract
There are multiple treatment options in the surgical management of bladder cancer. It is important to know the histological diagnosis, cancer staging, and other prognostic factors (cancer grade, multifocality, size, and presence of carcinoma in situ) in the decision of surgical treatment. Transurethral resection of bladder tumor is the first surgical treatment option. It is important to know tumor size, anatomic location, and other urothelial abnormalities. Re-staging transurethral resection is mandatory in patients who have an incomplete resection without detrusor muscle in original specimen, if the tumor is large, high grade, or multifocal. Partial cystectomy is sometimes utilized as bladder-sparing surgery in the setting of urachal carcinoma. Radical cystectomy is considered the standard of therapy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In men, radical cystectomy includes removal of the prostate and seminal vesicles, while it includes removal of the uterus, ovaries, and part of the vagina in women. Bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy is important for the staging and treatment of invasive urothelial cancer. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy should be considered for advanced disease.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018;68(6):394–424.
Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2019. CA Cancer J Clin. 2020;70(1):7–29.
Shen PL, Lin ME, Hong YK, He XJ. Bladder preservation approach versus radical cystectomy for high-grade non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of cohort studies. World J Surg Oncol. 2018;16(1):197.
Beer E. Landmark article May 28, 1910: removal of neoplasms of the urinary bladder. By Edwin Beer. JAMA. 1983;250(10):1324–5.
Khorrami MH, Javid A, Saryazdi H, Javid M. Transvesical blockade of the obturator nerve to prevent adductor contraction in transurethral bladder surgery. J Endourol. 2010;24(10):1651–4.
Venkatramani V, Panda A, Manojkumar R, Kekre NS. Monopolar versus bipolar transurethral resection of bladder tumors: a single center, parallel arm, randomized, controlled trial. J Urol. 2014;191(6):1703–7.
Xishuang S, Deyong Y, Xiangyu C, Tao J, Quanlin L, Hongwei G, et al. Comparing the safety and efficiency of conventional monopolar, plasmakinetic, and holmium laser transurethral resection of primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Endourol. 2010;24(1):69–73.
Labat G. Regional anesthesia; its technic and clinical application. Philadelphia/London: W. B. Saunders Company; 1922. xv, 496 p.
Bolat D, Aydogdu O, Tekgul ZT, Polat S, Yonguc T, Bozkurt IH, et al. Impact of nerve stimulator-guided obturator nerve block on the short-term outcomes and complications of transurethral resection of bladder tumour: a prospective randomized controlled study. Can Urol Assoc J. 2015;9(11–12):E780–4.
Shah NF, Sofi KP, Nengroo SH. Obturator nerve block in transurethral resection of bladder tumor: a comparison of ultrasound-guided technique versus ultrasound with nerve stimulation technique. Anesth Essays Res. 2017;11(2):411–5.
Wassef MR. Interadductor approach to obturator nerve blockade for spastic conditions of adductor thigh muscles. Reg Anesth. 1993;18(1):13–7.
Vianello A, Costantini E, Del Zingaro M, Bini V, Herr HW, Porena M. Repeated white light transurethral resection of the bladder in nonmuscle-invasive urothelial bladder cancers: systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endourol. 2011;25(11):1703–12.
Leveridge MJ, Siemens DR, Izard JP, Wei X, Booth CM. Partial cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma of the bladder: practice patterns and outcomes in the general population. Can Urol Assoc J. 2017;11(12):412–8.
Advanced Bladder Cancer Meta-analysis C. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in invasive bladder cancer: update of a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data advanced bladder cancer (ABC) meta-analysis collaboration. Eur Urol. 2005;48(2):202–205; discussion 5–6.
Grossman HB, Natale RB, Tangen CM, Speights VO, Vogelzang NJ, Trump DL, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus cystectomy compared with cystectomy alone for locally advanced bladder cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(9):859–66.
Ren L, Zhu D, Wei Y, Pan X, Liang L, Xu J, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) program attenuates stress and accelerates recovery in patients after radical resection for colorectal cancer: a prospective randomized controlled trial. World J Surg. 2012;36(2):407–14.
Zmora O, Mahajna A, Bar-Zakai B, Rosin D, Hershko D, Shabtai M, et al. Colon and rectal surgery without mechanical bowel preparation: a randomized prospective trial. Ann Surg. 2003;237(3):363–7.
Brunocilla E, Pernetti R, Martorana G. The role of pelvic lymph node dissection during radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Anticancer Res. 2011;31(1):271–5.
Herr HW, Bochner BH, Dalbagni G, Donat SM, Reuter VE, Bajorin DF. Impact of the number of lymph nodes retrieved on outcome in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Urol. 2002;167(3):1295–8.
Grossfeld GD, Stein JP, Bennett CJ, Ginsberg DA, Boyd SD, Lieskovsky G, et al. Lower urinary tract reconstruction in the female using the Kock ileal reservoir with bilateral ureteroileal urethrostomy: update of continence results and fluorourodynamic findings. Urology. 1996;48(3):383–8.
Kanaroglou A, Shayegan B. Management of the urethra in urothelial bladder cancer. Can Urol Assoc J. 2009;3(6 Suppl 4):S211–4.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
You, D., Lim, B., Kim, CS. (2021). Surgical Treatment in Urinary Bladder Cancer. In: Zhou, H., Guo, C.C., Ro, J.Y. (eds) Urinary Bladder Pathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71509-0_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71509-0_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-71508-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-71509-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)