Abstract
The relationship between temperament as a manifestation of personality and mood disorders comes from Greek antiquity. Throughout history, the relationship between personality and depression has been conceptualized in at least four ways: (1) Personality is a predisposing or vulnerability factor for the development of depression. (2) Personality changes are a consequence of mood alteration resulting from depression. (3) Personality is a subclinical manifestation of depression (affective temperaments). And (4) personality characteristics influence the manner in which depression clinically manifests. Currently, there is a tendency to recover the concept of affective temperaments (depressive, hypertensive, cyclothymic, irritable, and anxious), considering them as subclinical manifestations of some disorder within the affective spectrum. These temperaments have been shown to be universal, with distinctive characteristics and without gender differences. Although in depressive illness there is important evidence regarding both functional and structural neurobiological alterations, much less is known about the biological findings of personality dysfunction in depression. One reason, in part, is that explanatory models are required that integrate various levels of analysis, including the different types of gene-environment relationships. In this chapter, we will review the relationship between personality and depression, then we will describe the main neurobiological findings underlying personality dysfunction in depression, and finally we will analyze the relationship between genes and environment in depression, taking into account the approach of differential sensitivity to environmental stimuli. We will conclude with some recommendations for future research.
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Botto, A., Leighton, C. (2021). Neurobiological Findings Underlying Personality Dysfunction in Depression: From Vulnerability to Differential Susceptibility. In: de la Parra, G., Dagnino, P., Behn, A. (eds) Depression and Personality Dysfunction. Depression and Personality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70699-9_6
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