Abstract
IoT physical and link layer technologies determine many of the most important characteristics of the protocol stacks they belong to. This includes critical attributes like transmission rate, latency, and overall power efficiency. In the context of IoT, however, many of these physical and link layer mechanisms are derived and taken from proprietary stacks that were not designed to support end-to-end IPv6 connectivity. To this end, this chapter first explores some of the basic concepts associated with these mechanisms, and then it focuses on the different wireless as well as wireline physical and link layer protocols with emphasis on their features and characteristics.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
IEEE standard for information technology– local and metropolitan area networks– specific requirements– part 15.1a: Wireless medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications for wireless personal area networks (WPAN). IEEE Std 802.15.1-2005 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.15.1-2002) pp. 1–700 (2005)
ISO/IEC 18000-3: Parameters for air interface communications at 13,56 MHz. Standard, International Organization for Standardization, Switzerland (2010)
ANSI/ISA-100.11a-2011 Wireless systems for industrial automation: Process control and related applications. Standard, International Society of Automation, Research Triangle Park (2011)
IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks–part 15.4: Low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) amendment 1: Mac sublayer. IEEE Std 802.15.4e-2012 (Amendment to IEEE Std 802.15.4-2011) pp. 1–225 (2012)
IEEE standard for low-frequency (less than 500 kHz) narrowband power line communications for smart grid applications - amendment 1. IEEE Std 1901.2a-2015 (Amendment to IEEE Std 1901.2-2013) pp. 1–28 (2015)
ZigBee Specification. Standard, The ZigBee Alliance, California (2015)
IEC 62591:2016 Industrial networks - Wireless communication network and communication profiles - WirelessHART. Standard, International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva (2016)
IEEE standard for information technology—telecommunications and information exchange between systems local and metropolitan area networks specific requirements—part 11: Wireless lan medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications. IEEE Std 802.11-2016 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.11-2012) pp. 1–3534 (2016)
ETSI TS 102 939. Standard, European Telecommunications Standards Institute, Sophia Antipolis (2017)
IEEE standard for ethernet. IEEE Std 802.3-2018 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2015) pp. 1–5600 (2018)
IEEE Standards Association: IEEE standard for low-rate wireless networks. IEEE Std 802.15.4-2020 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.15.4-2015), pp. 1–800 (2020)
Benedetto, S., Biglieri, E.: Principles of Digital Transmission: With Wireless Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht (1999)
Bluetooth, S.: Bluetooth 5.2 Core Specification, p. 3256. Bluetooth SIG, Kirkland (2019)
Cominelli, M., Patras, P., Gringoli, F.: Dead on arrival: An empirical study of the bluetooth 5.1 positioning system. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Wireless Network Testbeds, Experimental Evaluation & Characterization, pp. 13–20 (2019)
Gilb, J.P.K.: Wireless Multimedia: A Guide to the IEEE 802.15.3 Standard, 250 p. IEEE Press (2003). ISBN 0-7381-3668-9
Glover, I., Grant, P.: Digital Communications. Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River (2010)
Proakis, J.G.: Fundamentals of Communication Systems, 2nd edn. Pearson, Boston (2014)
Gupta, N.: Inside Bluetooth Low Energy. Artech House Mobile Communications Series. Artech House, Norwood (2016). https://books.google.com/books?id=hRoQkAEACAAJ
Haykin, S.: Communication Systems, 5th edn. Wiley, Hoboken (2009)
International Telecommunication Union: Short range narrow-band digital radio communication transceivers - PHY and MAC layer specifications, ITU-T Recommendation G.9959, January 2015
International Telecommunication Union: Narrowband orthogonal frequency division multiplexing power line communication transceivers for G3-PLC networks, ITU-T Recommendation G.9903, May 2013
Kurose, J.F., Ross, K.W.: Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach, 6th edn. Pearson, London (2012)
Newman, H.M.: BACnet: The Global Standard for Building Automation and Control Networks. Momentum Press, New York (2013)
Perahia, E., Stacey, R.: Next Generation Wireless LANs: 802.11n and 802.11ac, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2013)
Rackley, S.: Wireless Networking Technology: From Principles to Successful Implementation. Newnes, USA (2007)
Sklar, B.: Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River (2017)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Herrero, R. (2022). Physical and Link Layers. In: Fundamentals of IoT Communication Technologies. Textbooks in Telecommunication Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70080-5_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70080-5_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70079-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70080-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)