Abstract
In this chapter we consider the structure of the fluid matter. All the structural and thermodynamic properties of fluids are determined by the microscopic forces between the atoms. We will introduce the effective interaction potentials between the atoms that are assumed to move along a Born-Oppenheimer surface. We will show examples of potential model. Then we define in the appropriate ensembles the distribution functions that can describe the arrangement of the atoms in the disordered configurations. These distribution functions can be determined by experiments. The methods are mainly X-ray diffraction or neutron scattering that we will introduce in this chapter. We will show some example of experimental results, and we will discuss as the structure of liquids is determined by the short-range order of the atoms. As an example of molecular liquids, we will show in particular the important case of the structure of water.
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Gallo, P., Rovere, M. (2021). Microscopic Forces and Structure of Liquids. In: Physics of Liquid Matter. Soft and Biological Matter. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68349-8_3
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68349-8_3
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