Abstract
Based on a multi-situated ethnography in the Pampas region, developed on the triple border in southern Brazil between Argentina and Uruguay, we will reflect on the carnivals of the schools of samba that occur beyond the center of the country. We will analyze the social-cultural importance of the carnival in Uruguaiana (Brazil) and the consequent impacts of the festival with local politics, the tourist sector, and the economic dimension of the event in the region. The extended carnival calendar of schools of samba in the Pampas promotes a ritual time of the festival that allows for extensive exchanges and translocal negotiations between the carnivals on the border and the carnivals of schools of samba in Rio de Janeiro. The carnival circuits in the Pampas allow us to think about hybridism, globalization, and the cultural identities produced by popular cultures on the margins and beyond the borders.
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Notes
- 1.
The Pampa is a natural biome with undergrowth vegetation, small shrubs, and relief that has hills that are not very rugged and suitable for agricultural activities, such as cattle and rice planting.
- 2.
According to the 2017 Agricultural Census of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), there are about 323,000 head of cattle in the municipality of Uruguaiana. According to the 2011 “Temporary Crop” census of the IBGE are about 734 thousand tons of rice (in husk) harvested in the municipality.
- 3.
Available in em http://www.uruguaiana.rs.gov.br/pmu_novo/veiw_noticias/2814 in February 2019.
- 4.
Lent is the Christian period of righteousness and penitence during the forty days before Easter. It begins on Ash Wednesday, one day after the end of carnival. It is important to remember that carnival is a Christian holiday that was adopted in colonial Brazil from European religion influences.
- 5.
In the first edition of the carnival out of season in Uruguaiana, some samba players of Rio de Janeiro’s carnival were hired by the Os Rouxinóis, which caused a great impact and repercussion on social medias.
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Duarte, U.C. (2021). Schools of Samba in the South Brazilian Border: Circuits and Translocal Exchanges in Carnival Cultures. In: Lopes da Cunha, F., Rabassa, J. (eds) Festivals and Heritage in Latin America. The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67985-9_4
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