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Exomeres: A New Member of Extracellular Vesicles Family

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New Frontiers: Extracellular Vesicles

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 97))

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are described as membranous vesicles that are secreted by various cell types. EVs can be categorised as exosomes, ectosomes, apoptotic bodies, large oncosomes and migrasomes. EVs are heterogeneous in nature according to their origin, mode of release, size, and biochemical contents. Herein, we discuss a recently discovered subpopulation of EVs called ‘exomeres’. Unlike the other subtypes of EVs, exomeres are defined as non-membranous nanovesicles with a size ≤50 nm. They can be isolated using asymmetric-flow field-flow fractionation as well as ultracentrifugation. The cargo of exomeres are beginning to be unravelled and are highlighted to be enriched with proteins implicated in regulating metabolic pathways. Consistent with other types of EVs, exomeres also contain nucleic acids and lipids which can be delivered to recipient cells. These discoveries highlight the complex heterogeneity of EVs and thereby necessitates further attention to understand the nature of each subpopulation more exclusively. Overall, this chapter describes the current knowledge on exomeres.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

    Sushma Anand & Suresh Mathivanan

  2. Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden

    Monisha Samuel

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  1. Sushma Anand
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  2. Monisha Samuel
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  3. Suresh Mathivanan
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Correspondence to Suresh Mathivanan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Suresh Mathivanan

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Pamali Fonseka

  3. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Christina Nedeva

  4. Department of Biochemistry and Genetics La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Ishara Atukorala

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Anand, S., Samuel, M., Mathivanan, S. (2021). Exomeres: A New Member of Extracellular Vesicles Family. In: Mathivanan, S., Fonseka, P., Nedeva, C., Atukorala, I. (eds) New Frontiers: Extracellular Vesicles. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 97. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-67171-6_5

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