Skip to main content

History of Defibrillation

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy

Abstract

History of cardiac defibrillation is characterized by a relatively long time-lag between the initial discovery of the phenomenon and its successful clinical application. It is also punctuated with gaps, where discoveries were set aside due to lack of scientific understanding, resource availability, etc. – to be repeated years later, after some new leap in understanding. Additional lags were incurred across the divide of the Iron Curtain, delaying the development of safe and portable defibrillation by a number of years. All these efforts combined with the understanding of the mechanisms of ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation eventually culminated in resuscitation successes of today.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Turakhia M, Tseng ZH. Sudden cardiac death: epidemiology, mechanisms, and therapy. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2007;32:501–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. McWilliam JA. Fibrillar contraction of the heart. J Physiol. 1887;8:296–310.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. Schechter DC. Early experience with resuscitation by means of electricity. Surgery. 1971;69:360–72.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Jeffrey K. Pacing the heart: growth and redefinition of a medical technology, 1952-1975. Technol Cult. 1995;36:583–624.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Comroe JH, Dripps RD. The top ten clinical advances in cardiovascular-pulmonary medicine and surgery between 1945 and 1975: how they came about. Bethesda: The National Heart & Lung Institute; 1977. p. 10.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Stillings D. Benjamin Franklin’s celebrated kite experiment. Med Instrum. 1973;7:234.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bianchi G. Réponse á la lettre du Docteur Bassani. J Méd. 1756;4:46.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Abilgaard N. Communication, Amsterdam. Soc Med Havnien Collect. 1775;2:157–61.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Stillings D. The first defibrillator? Med Prog Technol. 1974;2:205–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kite C. An essay on the recovery of the apparently dead. London: C.Dilly; 1788. p. 166.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kuhfeld E. Curator of instruments, The Bakken. In personal communication with Mark Kroll, Ph.D., Feb. 1, 2002. Used with permission of Dr. Kroll.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Eisenberg MS. Life in the balance: emergency medicine and the quest to reverse sudden cardiac death. New York: Oxford University Press; 1997.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Hoffa M, Ludwig C. Einige neue Versuche über Herzbewegung. Z Ration Med. 1850;9:107–44. Schröer H. Carl Ludwig. Begründer der messenden Experimentalphysiologie 1816–1895. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft; 1967. p. 67–71.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Vulpian FA. Notes sur les éffets de la faradisation directe des ventricules du coeur chez le chien. Arch Physiol Norm Pathol. 1874;6:975–82.

    Google Scholar 

  15. McWilliam JA. Cardiac failure and sudden death. Br Med J. 1889;1:6–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Prevost JK, Battelli F. La mort par les déscharges électriques. J Physiol. 1899;1:1085–100.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Robinovitch LG. Induction coil specifically constructed according to our indication for purposes of resuscitation of subjects in a condition of apparent death caused by chloroform, morphine, electrocution, etc. J Ment Pathol. 1909;8:129–45.

    Google Scholar 

  18. Hooker DR, Kouwenhoven WB, Langworthy OR. The effects of alternating electrical currents on the heart. Am J Phys. 1933;103:444–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Kouwenhoven W, Hooker DR. Resuscitation by countershock. Electr Eng. 1933;52:475–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Ferris LP, King BC, Spence PW, Williams HP. Effect of electric shock on the heart. Electr Eng. 1936;55:498–515.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wiggers CJ, Wegria R. Ventricular fibrillation due to single, localized induction and condenser shocks applied during the vulnerable phase of ventricular systole. Am J Phys. 1940;128:500–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Gurvich NL. Osnovniyi Printzipy Defibrillatziyi Serdtza. Ed. BD Savchuk. Moscow: Medicine Publishers; 1975.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Gurvich NL, Yuniev GS. O vosstanovlenii normalnoi deyatelnosti fibrilliruyuschego serdza teplokrovnih posredstvom kondensatornogo razryada. Bull Exp Biol I Med. 1939;8:55–9.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Gurvich NL, Yuniev GS. Restoration of regular rhythm in mammalian fibrillating heart. Am Rev Sov Med. 1946;3:236–9.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Gurvich NL, Yuniev GS. Restoration of heart rhythm during fibrillation by a condenser discharge. Am Rev Sov Med. 1947;4:252–6.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Vishnevsky AA, Zuckerman BM, Smelovsky SI. Ustranenie merzatelnoi aritmii metodom elektricheskoi defibrillyazii predserdii. Klin Med. 1959;37:26.

    Google Scholar 

  27. Kroll MW. A minimal model of the single capacitor biphasic defibrillation waveform. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1994;17:1782–92.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Peleška B. Transthoracic and direct defibrillation. Rozhl Chir. 1957;36:731–55.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Peleška B. Cardiac arrhythmias following condenser discharges and their dependence upon strength of current and phase of cardiac cycle. Circ Res. 1963;13:21–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Peleška B. Cardiac arrhythmias following condenser discharges led through an inductance: comparison with effects of pure condenser discharges. Circ Res. 1965;16:11–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. United States Senate. International health study. Congr Rec. 1962;25:A7837–9.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Mackay RS, Leeds SE. Physiological effects of condenser discharges with application to tissue stimulation and ventricular defibrillation. J Appl Physiol. 1953;6:67–75.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Associated Press. Revive “dead” boy, 14. The New York Daily News, Dec. 12, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Associated Press. Dying boy revived by voltage. The Denver Post, Dec. 12, 1947.

    Google Scholar 

  35. Beck CS, Pritchard WH, Feil HS. Ventricular fibrillation of long duration abolished by electric shock. JAMA. 1947;135:985–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Kouwenhoven WB, Milnor WR, Knickerbocker GG, Chesnut WR. Closed chest defibrillation of the heart. Surgery. 1957;42:550–61.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Zoll PM, Linenthal AJ, Gibson W, Paul MH, Norman LR. Termination of ventricular fibrillation in man by externally applied electric countershock. NEJM. 1956;254:727–32.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Lasker Foundation. http://www.laskerfoundation.org/awards/obits/kouwenhovenobit.shtml. Originally in print in The New York Times. Obituary, William Kouwenhoven, Nov. 12, 1975.

  39. Limmer D, O’Keefe MF, Dickinson ET. Emergency care. 10th ed. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall; 2005.

    Google Scholar 

  40. Lown B, Amarasingham R, Neuman J. New method for terminating cardiac arrhythmias. Use of synchronized capacitor discharge. JAMA. 1962;182:48–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Lown B, Neuman J, Amarasingham R, Berkovits BV. Comparison of alternating current with direct current electroshock across the closed chest. Am J Cardiol. 1962;10:223–33.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Berkovits BV. Defibrillator. U.S. Patent No. 3,236,239. Washington, DC: United States Patent and Trademarks Office; 1966.

    Google Scholar 

  43. Negovskii VA, Gurvich NL. On possibility of resuscitation after electric injury. Feldsher Akush. 1952;6:6–13.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Negovskii VA, Gurvich NL, Semenov VN, Tabak VY, Makarycheva VA. Theoretical aspects of electro impulse therapy of several forms of cardiac arrhythmias. Moscow: Novoe v kardiohirurgii; 1966. p. 105–8.

    Google Scholar 

  45. Mirowski M, Mower MM, Staewen WS, Tabatznik B, Mendeloff AL. Standby automatic defibrillator: an approach to prevention of sudden coronary death. Arch Intern Med. 1970;126:158–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Mirowski M, Reid PR, Mower MM, Watkins L, Gott VL, Schauble JF, Langer A, Heilman MS, Kolenik SA, Fischell RE, Weisfeldt ML. Termination of malignant ventricular arrhythmias with an implanted automatic defibrillator in human beings. N Engl J Med. 1980;303:322–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Schuder JC, Stoeckle H, Gold JH, West JA, Keskar PY. Experimental ventricular defibrillation with an automatic and completely implanted system. Trans Am Soc Artif Intern Organs. 1970;16:207–12.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. National Inventors Hall of Fame. Inventor profile: Michel Mirowski. United States Patent and Trademark Office; 2007. http://www.invent.org/Hall_Of_Fame/175.html.

  49. Lown B, Axelrod P. Implanted standby defibrillators. Circulation. 1972;46:637–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Venin IV, Gurvich NL, Tabak VY, Sherman AM. Scheme for forming bipolar defibrillation impulse. Nov Med Priborostr. 1973;3:84–90.

    Google Scholar 

  51. Olson KF, Gilman BL, Anderson KH, Kroll KJ. Automated external defibrillator operator interface. U.S. Patent No. 5,792,190. Washington, DC: United States Patent and Trademarks Office; 1998.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael V. Orlov .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Akselrod, H., Kroll, M.W., Orlov, M.V. (2021). History of Defibrillation. In: Efimov, I.R., Ng, F.S., Laughner, J.I. (eds) Cardiac Bioelectric Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63355-4_2

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63355-4_2

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-63354-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-63355-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics