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Skeletal Muscle-Resident Pericyte Responses to Conditions of Use and Disuse

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Biology of Pericytes – Recent Advances

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL,volume 68))

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Abstract

Skeletal muscle structure and function are dependent on the presence or absence of mechanical cues in the tissue microenvironment. High intensity or sustained contractions can build muscle mass with exercise training, whereas bedrest or limb immobilization result in loss of muscle mass. Molecular signaling pathways, such as mTORC1 and induction of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), regulate intrinsic myofiber growth and atrophy respectively, yet the extent to which mononuclear cells outside the fiber contribute to muscle structure remodeling remains unclear. The skeletal muscle microenvironment is enriched with mononuclear cells, including progenitor and stem cells, fibroblasts, immune cells, and vascular stromal cells. All possess the potential to sense mechanical cues and contribute to structural remodeling, but the intricate positioning of vascular stromal cells around vessels make these cells particularly receptive to changes in mechanical stimuli due to alterations in both blood perfusion and contraction. Recent studies suggest that pericytes, a population of vascular stromal cells supporting capillaries and venules, are highly responsive to conditions of use and disuse. This chapter discusses the characteristics and behavior of skeletal muscle-derived pericytes as well as the specific responses to physiological stimuli with which muscle can be subjected. Determining how pericytes behave in situations of muscle activation and immobilization is important for the development of cell-based therapies for the treatment of skeletal muscle disorders.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

    Michael Munroe

  2. Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Svyatoslav Dvoretskiy & Marni D. Boppart

  3. Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA

    Svyatoslav Dvoretskiy & Marni D. Boppart

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  1. Michael Munroe
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  2. Svyatoslav Dvoretskiy
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  3. Marni D. Boppart
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Correspondence to Marni D. Boppart .

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  1. Columbia Univ Med Cent, Dept. Radiology, Univ Federal de Minas Gerais, Dept Patho, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Munroe, M., Dvoretskiy, S., Boppart, M.D. (2021). Skeletal Muscle-Resident Pericyte Responses to Conditions of Use and Disuse. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Biology of Pericytes – Recent Advances. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, vol 68. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62129-2_9

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