Skip to main content

Turning Wounds into Wisdom: Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Healing Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Part of the book series: Essential Clinical Social Work Series ((ECSWS))

Abstract

Through my observations of my clients, I have witnessed the undeniable power of resilience, that is, the ability that humans have to adapt to, navigate, and even grow from life’s most painful events. Resilience has been described as the capacity to adapt successfully to disturbances that threaten functioning, sustainability, and future development. Therefore, resilience is not the absence of suffering but the capacity to adapt to survive in painful or unpredictable circumstances. Researchers have even argued that survival through hardship and triumph over adversity can make a survivor more focused and more feeling and, in turn, expand one’s capacity for compassion, spirituality, and creativity. The loss of stability and security allows room for growth, adaption, and evolution. The Posttraumatic Growth Model posits that in the aftermath of trauma and the return to homeostasis, development of a positive outlook on life can emerge. Chapter 10 begins with an exploration of vulnerability and shame through the lens of Shame Resilience Theory. Subsequently, the anatomy of resilience is explored through a theoretical and clinical lens. Finally, this chapter explores the emergence and impact of the Posttraumatic Growth Model and the impact this has on an individual’s intuition, internal guidance, and power.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baumeister, F., Stillwell, M., & Heatherton, F. (1994). Guilt: An interpersonal approach. Psychological Bulletin, 115, 243–267.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baumeister, R., & Leary, R. (1995). The need to belong: Desire for interpersonal attachments as a fundamental human motivation. Psychological Bulletin, 17(3), 497–529.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, B. (2006). Shame resilience theory: A grounded theory of women and shame. Families in Society, 87(01).

    Google Scholar 

  • Eliot, T. S. (1915) The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock. Poetry: A Magazine of Verse, June 1915, pp. 130–135.

    Google Scholar 

  • Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., … Marks, J. S. (1998). Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults. The adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 14, 245–258.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fredrickson, B. L., & Losada, M. F. (2005). Positive Affect and the Complex Dynamics of Human Flourishing. American Psychologist, 60(7), 678–686. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.7.678

  • Garmezy, N. (1981). Children under stress: Perspectives on antecedents and correlates of vulnerability and resistance to psychopathology. In A. I. Rabin, J. Aronoff, A. M. Barclay, & R. A. Zucker (Eds.), Further explorations in personality (pp. 196–269). New York, NY: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N. (1993). Vulnerability and resilience. In D. C. Funder, R. D. Parke, et al. (Eds.), Studying lives through time: Personality and development (pp. 377–398). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N., & Masten, A. S. (1986). Stress, competence, and resilience: Common frontiers for therapist and psychopathologist. Behavior Therapy, 17(5), 500.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garmezy, N., Masten, A. S., & Tellegen, A. (1984). The study of stress and competence in children: A building block for developmental psychopathology. Child Development, 55, 97–111. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1129837

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gilbert, P., Pehl, J., & Allan, S. (1994). The phenomenology of shame and guilt: An empirical investigation. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 67, 23–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Haggerty, R. J., Sherrod, L. R., Garmezy, N., & Rutter, M. (Eds.). (1994). Stress, risk, and resilience in children and adolescents: Processes, mechanisms, and interventions. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Herman, J. L. (1992). Trauma and recovery: The aftermath of violence. New York, NY: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hobfoll, S. E., Watson, P., Bell, C. C., Bryant, R. A., Brymer, M. J., Friedman, M. J., et al. (2007). Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention: Empirical evidence. Psychiatry, 70, 283–315. https://doi.org/10.1521/psyc.2007.70.4.283

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Holling, C. S. (1973). Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 4, 1–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: a review. Journal of traumatic stress, 17(1), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e

  • Luthar, S. S., & Brown, P. J. (2007). Maximizing resilience through diverse levels of inquiry: Prevailing paradigms, possibilities, and priorities for the future. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 931–955.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child Development, 71, 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00164

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: Resilience processes in development. The American Psychologist, 56, 227–238.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masten, A. S. (2007). Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology, 19(3), 921–930.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Masten, A. S. (2012). Risk and resilience in development. In P. D. Zelazo (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology (Vol. 2). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Masten, A. S., & Wright, M. O. (1998). Cumulative risk and protection models of child maltreatment. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 2(1), 7–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, A. (1997). The drama of the gifted child: The search for the true self. New York, NY: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Scientific Council on the Developing ChildChildren. (2015). Supportive relationships and active skill-building strengthen the foundations of resilience (Working paper no. 13). Retrieved from http://www.developingchild.harvard.edu

    Google Scholar 

  • Norris, F. H., Stevens, S. P., Pfefferbaum, B., Wyche, K. F., & Pfefferbaum, R. L. (2008). Community resilience as a metaphor, theory, set of capacities, and strategy for disaster readiness. American Journal of Community Psychology, 41, 127–150. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-007-9156-6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • O’Shea Brown, G. (2021). Reflections on providing virtual eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy in the wake of COVID-19: Survival through adaptation. In C. Tosone (Ed.), Shared trauma, shared resilience during a pandemic: Social work in the time of COVID-19. Cham, Switzerland: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology, 24(2), 335–344.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rutter, M. (2013). Annual research review: Resilience – Clinical implications. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 474–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02615.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sapienza, J. K., & Masten, A. S. (2011). Understanding and promoting resilience in children and youth. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 24(4), 267–273. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0b013e32834776a8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scheff, T. (2003). Shame in self and society. Symbolic Interaction, 26, 239–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shonkoff, J. P., Richter, L., van der Gaag, J., & Bhutta, Z. A. (2012). An integrated scientific framework for child survival and early childhood development. Pediatrics, 129(2), e460–e472. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0366

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Southwick, S. M., Litz, B. T., Charney, D., & Friedman, M. J. (Eds.). (2011). Resilience and mental health: Challenges across the lifespan. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511994791

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Stanton-Salazar, R. D., & Spina, S. U. (2000). The network orientations of highly resilient urban minority youth: A network-analytic account of minority socialization and its educational implications. The Urban Review, 32, 227–261. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005122211864

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (1996). The posttraumatic growth inventory: Measuring the positive legacy of trauma. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 9, 455–471.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tedeschi, R. G., & Calhoun, L. G. (2004). Posttraumatic growth: Conceptual foundations and empirical evidence. Psychological Inquiry, 15, 1–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tedeschi, R. G., Calhoun, L. G., & Cann, A. (2007). Evaluating resource gain: Understanding and misunderstanding posttraumatic growth. Applied Psychology-an International Review-Psychologie Appliquee-Revue Internationale, 56, 396–406.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walker, B., Holling, C. S., Carpenter, S. R., & Kinzig, A. (2004). Resilience, adaptability and transformability in social-ecological systems. Ecology and Society, 9(2), 5–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Werner, E. E., & Smith, R. S. (1992). Overcoming the odds: High risk children from birth to adulthood. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wu, G., Feder, A., Cohen, H., Kim, J. J., Calderon, S., Charney, D. S., & Mathé, A. A. (2013). Understanding resilience. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00010

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Zahn-Waxler, C., Kochanska, G., McKnew, D., & Krupnik, J. (1990). Patterns of guilt in children of depressed and well mothers. Developmental Psychology, 26, 51–59.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

O’Shea Brown, G. (2021). Turning Wounds into Wisdom: Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth. In: Healing Complex Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Essential Clinical Social Work Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61416-4_10

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics