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Renal Vessels

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Imaging in Nephrology

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Abstract

In this chapter we illustrate the different imaging techniques available for the study of renal vessels, with particular reference to advantages and limitations of each technique and to selection criteria according to the pathology to be studied. Ultrasound is the first-line technique to study renal pathology and can provide information about renal morphology and proximal urinary tract. Conventional B-mode ultrasound can be completed by Doppler analysis for the evaluation of renal vessels. Computed tomography (CT) is a second-level technique to study renal vessels. CT is the technique of choice for patients with non-MR-compatible devices or with severe claustrophobia and limited breath-hold capacity, given its shorter acquisition time compared to MRA. CT is mostly preferred to MRI for screening of potential renal donors, when very high spatial resolution is required or when it is particularly important to demonstrate peripheral renal arteries. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have recently expanded and are now suitable not only for providing excellent depiction of kidney anatomy, but also for studying several functional aspects of kidney physiology. MRI techniques provide the same results of CT and they may be even preferred over it, thanks to the lack of ionizing radiation and iodinated contrast-induced nephropathy, in particular in those cases in which MRI can be performed without contrast medium. Renal arteriography is nowadays performed for interventional purposes (percutaneous transluminal angioplasty, stent placement, renal embolization, or denervation) instead of diagnostic scope, thanks to improvements of renal artery imaging.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Pavia, Pavia, Italy

    Maria Vittoria Raciti, Elena Turpini, Chandra Bortolotto & Fabrizio Calliada

  2. Radiology and Neuroradiology Diagnostic and Interventional Department, Fondazione IRCSS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy

    Ilaria Fiorina

  3. Radiology Department, Civil Hospital, Vigevano (PV), ASST, Pavia, Italy

    Elena Belloni

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  1. Maria Vittoria Raciti
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  2. Elena Turpini
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  1. Department of Nephrology and Dialysis, “Cannizzaro” Emergency Hospital, Catania, Italy

    Antonio Granata

  2. Department of Radiology, Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    Michele Bertolotto

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Raciti, M.V., Turpini, E., Fiorina, I., Belloni, E., Bortolotto, C., Calliada, F. (2021). Renal Vessels. In: Granata, A., Bertolotto, M. (eds) Imaging in Nephrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60794-4_10

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