Abstract
This chapter discusses a heterogeneous group of pediatric diseases in the oral cavity, maxilla, and mandible that can be diagnosed based on combined features of their appearances on examination, clinical laboratory test results, radiology in bone lesions when appropriate, histology, immunopathology, and molecular abnormalities. These pathological analyses serve to distinguish these diseases as reactive, congenital, inflammatory, benign, or malignant.
A vast array of pathologies occurs in the oral cavity and maxillofacial complex in the pediatric age group. While some entities are unique to the oral cavity, many also occur elsewhere in the body. Knowledge of their existence in the oral cavity or jaws is thus key to their diagnosis.
Readers will find the presentation and definition of these lesions and disease conditions in an atlas-like format informative, with an accompanying detailed text that describes the pathology of each of them. The importance of clinical-pathological correlations in the establishment of an accurate diagnosis should not be overlooked.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Buchner A, Hansen LS. Pigmented nevi of the oral mucosa: a clinicopathologic study of 36 new cases and review of 155 cases from the literature. Part II: analysis of 191 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987;63(6):676–82.
Gondak RO, da Silva-Jorge R, Jorge J, Lopes MA, Vargas PA. Oral pigmented lesions: clinicopathologic features and review of the literature. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Buca. 2012;17(6):e919–24.
Kauzman A, Pavone M, Blanas N, Bradley G. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity: review, differential diagnosis, and case presentations. J Can Dent Assoc. 2004;70(10):682–3.
Dereure O. Drug-induced skin pigmentation. Epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2001;2(4):253–62.
Hatch CL. Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity. Dent Clin N Am. 2005;49(1):185–201, ix–x.
Tadini G, D’Orso M, Cusini M, Alessi E. Oral mucosa pigmentation: a new side effect of azidothymidine therapy in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Dermatol. 1991;127(2):267–8.
Savage NW, Barber MT, Adkins KF. Pigmentary changes in rat oral mucosa following antimalarial therapy. J Oral Pathol. 1986;15(9):468–71.
Merenich JA, Hannon RN, Gentry RH, Harrison SM. Azidothymidine-induced hyperpigmentation mimicking primary adrenal insufficiency. Am J Med. 1989;86(4):469–70.
Bonet-Coloma C, Minguez-Martinez I, Palma-Carrio C, Galan-Gil S, Penarrocha-Diago M, Minguez-Sanz JM. Clinical characteristics, treatment and outcome of 28 oral haemangiomas in pediatric patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2011;16(1):e19–22.
Buckmiller LM, Richter GT, Suen JY. Diagnosis and management of hemangiomas and vascular malformations of the head and neck. Oral Dis. 2010;16(5):405–18.
Perez DE, Pereira Neto JS, Graner E, Lopes MA. Sturge-weber syndrome in a 6-year-old girl. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2005;15(2):131–5.
Das S, Das AK. A review of pediatric oral biopsies from a surgical pathology service in a dental school. Pediatr Dent. 1993;15(3):208–11.
Buchner A, Shnaiderman A, Vared M. Pediatric localized reactive gingival lesions: a retrospective study from Israel. Pediatr Dent. 2010;32(7):486–92.
Motamedi MH, Eshghyar N, Jafari SM, Lassemi E, Navi F, Abbas FM, et al. Peripheral and central giant cell granulomas of the jaws: a demographic study. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2007;103(6):e39–43.
Cohen L. Oral manifestations of systemic diseases in the adolescent. Dent Clin N Am. 1969;13(2):329–41.
Butler RT, Kalkwarf KL, Kaldahl WB. Drug-induced gingival hyperplasia: phenytoin, cyclosporine, and nifedipine. J Am Dent Assoc. 1987;114(1):56–60.
Jorgenson RJ, Levin S. White sponge nevus. Arch Dermatol. 1981;117(2):73–6.
Natarajan E, Woo SB. Benign alveolar ridge keratosis (oral lichen simplex chronicus): a distinct clinicopathologic entity. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(1):151–7.
Fromm A. Epstein’s pearls, Bohn’s nodules and inclusion-cysts of the oral cavity. J Dent Child. 1967;34(4):275–87.
Lewis DM. Bohn’s nodules, Epstein’s pearls, and gingival cysts of the newborn: a new etiology and classification. J Okla Dent Assoc. 2010;101(3):32–3.
Madani FM, Kuperstein AS. Normal variations of oral anatomy and common oral soft tissue lesions: evaluation and management. Med Clin North Am. 2014;98(6):1281–98.
Lewis MA, Samaranyake LP, Lamey PJ. Diagnosis and treatment of oral candidosis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;49(9):996–1002.
Liu X, Hua H. Oral manifestation of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis: seven case reports. J Oral Pathol Med. 2007;36(9):528–32.
Banoczy J, Szabo L, Csiba A. Migratory glossitis. A clinical-histologic review of seventy cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1975;39(1):113–21.
Chatterjee K, Bhattacharya S, Mukherjee CG, Mazumdar A. A retrospective study of oral lichen planus in paediatric population. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2012;16(3):363–7.
da Silva Santos PS, Mannarino F, Lellis RF, Osorio LH. Oral manifestations of pachyonychia congenita. Dermatol Online J. 2010;16(10):3.
Praetorius F. HPV-associated diseases of oral mucosa. Clin Dermatol. 1997;15(3):399–413.
el-Khashab MM, Abd-el-Aziz AH. Focal epithelial hyperplasia (Heck’s disease). Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1971;31(5):637–46.
Arduino PG, Porter SR. Herpes simplex virus type 1 infection: overview on relevant clinico-pathological features. J Oral Pathol Med. 2008;37(2):107–21.
Schifter M, Yeoh SC, Coleman H, Georgiou A. Oral mucosal diseases: the inflammatory dermatoses. Aust Dent J. 2010;55(Suppl 1):23–38.
Bickle K, Roark TR, Hsu S. Autoimmune bullous dermatoses: a review. Am Fam Physician. 2002;65(9):1861–70.
Fortuna G, Lozada-Nur F, Pollio A, Aria M, Cepeda-Valdes R, Marinkovich MP, et al. Patterns of oral mucosa lesions in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: comparison and agreement between oral medicine and dermatology. J Oral Pathol Med. 2013;42(10):733–40.
Munoz-Corcuera M, Esparza-Gomez G, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Bascones-Martinez A. Oral ulcers: clinical aspects. A tool for dermatologists. Part I. Acute ulcers. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34(3):289–94.
Munoz-Corcuera M, Esparza-Gomez G, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Bascones-Martinez A. Oral ulcers: clinical aspects. A tool for dermatologists. Part II. Chronic ulcers. Clin Exp Dermatol. 2009;34(4):456–61.
Lockhart PB. Oral medicine and medically complex patients. 6th ed. Wiley-Blackwell: Ames, Iowa; 2013.
Preeti L, Magesh K, Rajkumar K, Karthik R. Recurrent aphthous stomatitis. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2011;15(3):252–6.
Jones AC, Gulley ML, Freedman PD. Necrotizing ulcerative stomatitis in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive individuals: a review of the histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and virologic characteristics of 18 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89(3):323–32.
Vered M, Dobriyan A, Buchner A. Congenital granular cell epulis presents an immunohistochemical profile that distinguishes it from the granular cell tumor of the adult. Virchows Arch. 2009;454(3):303–10.
Slootweg P, de Wilde P, Vooijs P, Ramaekers F. Oral granular cell lesions. An immunohistochemical study with emphasis on intermediate-sized filaments proteins. Virchows Arch A Pathol Anat Histopathol. 1983;402(1):35–45.
Loyola AM, Gatti AF, Pinto DS Jr, Mesquita RA. Alveolar and extra-alveolar granular cell lesions of the newborn: report of case and review of literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84(6):668–71.
Kfir Y, Buchner A, Hansen LS. Reactive lesions of the gingiva. A clinicopathological study of 741 cases. J Periodontol. 1980;51(11):655–61.
Zain RB, Fei YJ. Fibrous lesions of the gingiva: a histopathologic analysis of 204 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990;70(4):466–70.
Sabarinath B, Sivaramakrishnan M, Sivapathasundharam B. Giant cell fibroma: A clinicopathological study. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2012;16(3):359–62.
Solomon LW, Trahan WR, Snow JE. Localized juvenile spongiotic gingival hyperplasia: a report of 3 cases. Pediatr Dent. 2013;35(4):360–3.
Chi AC, Neville BW. Odontogenic cysts and tumors. Surg Pathol Clin. 2011;4(4):1027–91.
Bonet C, Penarrocha-Oltra D, Minguez JM, Vera-Sirera B, Penarrocha-Diago M, Penarrocha-Diago M. Oral teratomas: a report of 5 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2012;70(12):2809–13.
Kumar LK, Kurien NM, Jacob MM, Menon PV, Khalam SA. Lingual thyroid. Ann Maxillofac Surg. 2015;5(1):104–7.
Thompson LD, Herrera HB, Lau SK. A clinicopathologic series of 685 thyroglossal duct remnant cysts. Head Neck Pathol. 2016;10(4):465–74.
Kreiger PA, Ernst LM, Elden LM, Kazahaya K, Alawi F, Russo PA. Hamartomatous tongue lesions in children. Am J Surg Pathol. 2007;31(8):1186–90.
Puricelli E, Barra MB, Hochhegger B, Ponzoni D, de Azambuja HV, Morganti MA, et al. Hairy polyp on the dorsum of the tongue - detection and comprehension of its possible dynamics. Head Face Med. 2012;8:19.
Kapadia SB, Meis JM, Frisman DM, Ellis GL, Heffner DK. Fetal rhabdomyoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study of 24 cases. Hum Pathol. 1993;24(7):754–65.
Kapadia SB, Meis JM, Frisman DM, Ellis GL, Heffner DK, Hyams VJ. Adult rhabdomyoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathologic and immunophenotypic study. Hum Pathol. 1993;24(6):608–17.
Cangiarella J, Jagirdar J, Adelman H, Budzilovich G, Greco MA. Mucosal neuromas and plexiform neurofibromas: an immunocytochemical study. Pediatr Pathol. 1993;13(3):281–8.
Lipsett J, Sparnon AL, Byard RW. Embryogenesis of enterocystomas-enteric duplication cysts of the tongue. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1993;75(5):626–30.
Katsoulas N, Tosios KI, Argyris P, Koutlas IG, Sklavounou A. Lymphangioma circumscriptum, angiokeratoma, or superficial vascular ectasia with epithelial hyperplasia? Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2014;118(2):e53–7.
King RC, Smith BR, Burk JL. Dermoid cyst in the floor of the mouth. Review of the literature and case reports. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1994;78(5):567–76.
Hayashida AM, Zerbinatti DC, Balducci I, Cabral LA, Almeida JD. Mucus extravasation and retention phenomena: a 24-year study. BMC Oral Health. 2010;10:15.
Carlson ER, Ord RA. Benign pediatric salivary gland lesions. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2016;28(1):67–81.
Glickman A, Karlis V. Pediatric benign soft tissue oral and maxillofacial pathology. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am. 2016;28(1):1–10.
Jorgenson RJ, Shapiro SD, Salinas CF, Levin LS. Intraoral findings and anomalies in neonates. Pediatrics. 1982;69(5):577–82.
Eveson JW, Cawson RA. Salivary gland tumours. A review of 2410 cases with particular reference to histological types, site, age and sex distribution. J Pathol. 1985;146(1):51–8.
Galer C, Santillan AA, Chelius D, Huh W, El-Naggar A, Hanna E, et al. Minor salivary gland malignancies in the pediatric population. Head Neck. 2012;34(11):1648–51.
Garcia-Garcia AS, Martinez-Gonzalez JM, Gomez-Font R, Soto-Rivadeneira A, Oviedo-Roldan L. Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Medicina oral, patologia oral y cirugia bucal. 2010;15(2):e353–60.
Challacombe SJ. Oro-facial granulomatosis and oral Crohns disease: are they specific diseases and do they predict systemic Crohns disease? Oral Dis. 1997;3(3):127–9.
Lankarani KB, Sivandzadeh GR, Hassanpour S. Oral manifestation in inflammatory bowel disease: a review. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19(46):8571–9.
Hudson JW. Osteomyelitis of the jaws: a 50-year perspective. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993;51(12):1294–301.
Padwa BL, Dentino K, Robson CD, Woo SB, Kurek K, Resnick CM. Pediatric chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis of the jaw: clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic features. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2016;74(12):2393–402.
Manor E, Kachko L, Puterman MB, Szabo G, Bodner L. Cystic lesions of the jaws - a clinicopathological study of 322 cases and review of the literature. Int J Med Sci. 2012;9(1):20–6.
Shear M. Developmental odontogenic cysts. An update. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994;23(1):1–11.
Daley TD, Wysocki GP. The small dentigerous cyst. A diagnostic dilemma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1995;79(1):77–81.
Gao Z, Mackenzie IC, Cruchley AT, Williams DM, Leigh I, Lane EB. Cytokeratin expression of the odontogenic epithelia in dental follicles and developmental cysts. J Oral Pathol Med. 1989;18(2):63–7.
Tsuneki M, Yamazaki M, Cheng J, Maruyama S, Kobayashi T, Saku T. Combined immunohistochemistry for the differential diagnosis of cystic jaw lesions: its practical use in surgical pathology. Histopathology. 2010;57(6):806–13.
Coleman H, Altini M, Ali H, Doglioni C, Favia G, Maiorano E. Use of calretinin in the differential diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastomas. Histopathology. 2001;38(4):312–7.
Mitsuyasu T, Harada H, Higuchi Y, Kimura K, Nakamura N, Katsuki T, et al. Immunohistochemical demonstration of bcl-2 protein in ameloblastoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 1997;26(8):345–8.
Hormia M, Ylipaavalniemi P, Nagle RB, Virtanen I. Expression of cytokeratins in odontogenic jaw cysts: monoclonal antibodies reveal distinct variation between different cyst types. J Oral Pathol. 1987;16(7):338–46.
Maruyama S, Yamazaki M, Abe T, Babkair H, Cheng J, Saku T. Paradental cyst is an inclusion cyst of the junctional/sulcular epithelium of the gingiva: histopathologic and immunohistochemical confirmation for its pathogenesis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2015;120(2):227–37.
Bodner L, Goldstein J, Sarnat H. Eruption cysts: a clinical report of 24 new cases. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2004;28(2):183–6.
Babburi S, Rudraraju AR. V a, P S. Rushton bodies: an update. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(2):ZE01–3.
Fowler CB, Brannon RB. The paradental cyst: a clinicopathologic study of six new cases and review of the literature. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1989;47(3):243–8.
Woolgar JA, Rippin JW, Browne RM. The odontogenic keratocyst and its occurrence in the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1987;64(6):727–30.
Wright JM. The odontogenic keratocyst: orthokeratinized variant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1981;51(6):609–18.
Hong SP, Ellis GL, Hartman KS. Calcifying odontogenic cyst. A review of ninety-two cases with reevaluation of their nature as cysts or neoplasms, the nature of ghost cells, and subclassification. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1991;72(1):56–64.
Slootweg PJ. Lesions of the jaws. Histopathology. 2009;54(4):401–18.
Harnet JC, Lombardi T, Klewansky P, Rieger J, Tempe MH, Clavert JM. Solitary bone cyst of the jaws: a review of the etiopathogenic hypotheses. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66(11):2345–8.
Sun ZJ, Sun HL, Yang RL, Zwahlen RA, Zhao YF. Aneurysmal bone cysts of the jaws. Int J Surg Pathol. 2009;17(4):311–22.
Oliveira AM, Perez-Atayde AR, Inwards CY, Medeiros F, Derr V, Hsi BL, et al. USP6 and CDH11 oncogenes identify the neoplastic cell in primary aneurysmal bone cysts and are absent in so-called secondary aneurysmal bone cysts. Am J Pathol. 2004;165(5):1773–80.
Swanson KS, Kaugars GE, Gunsolley JC. Nasopalatine duct cyst: an analysis of 334 cases. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1991;49(3):268–71.
Melrose RJ. Benign epithelial odontogenic tumors. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1999;16(4):271–87.
Reichart PA, Philipsen HP, Sonner S. Ameloblastoma: biological profile of 3677 cases. Eur J Cancer B Oral Oncol. 1995;31B(2):86–99.
Maaita JK. Oral tumors in children: a review. J Clin Pediatr Dent. 2000;24(2):133–5.
Sheehy EC, Odell EW, Al-Jaddir G. Odontomas in the primary dentition: literature review and case report. J Dent Child (Chic). 2004;71(1):73–6.
Tomich CE. Benign mixed odontogenic tumors. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1999;16(4):308–16.
Philipsen HP, Reichart PA, Zhang KH, Nikai H, Yu QX. Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: biologic profile based on 499 cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 1991;20(4):149–58.
El-Mofty SK. Cemento-ossifying fibroma and benign cementoblastoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1999;16(4):302–7.
Barker BF. Odontogenic myxoma. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1999;16(4):297–301.
Slootweg PJ, Wittkampf AR. Myxoma of the jaws. An analysis of 15 cases. J Maxillofac Surg. 1986;14(1):46–52.
Philipsen HP, Reichart PA. Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT): a benign neoplasm of the periodontium. A review of 36 reported cases. J Clin Periodontol. 1996;23(10):922–6.
Franklin CD, Craig GT, Smith CJ. Quantitative analysis of histological parameters in giant cell lesions of the jaws and long bones. Histopathology. 1979;3(6):511–22.
Hicks J, Flaitz CM. Langerhans cell histiocytosis: current insights in a molecular age with emphasis on clinical oral and maxillofacial pathology practice. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005;100(2 Suppl):S42–66.
Paparella ML, Olvi LG, Brandizzi D, Keszler A, Santini-Araujo E, Cabrini RL. Osteosarcoma of the jaw: an analysis of a series of 74 cases. Histopathology. 2013;63(4):551–7.
Allam A, El-Husseiny G, Khafaga Y, Kandil A, Gray A, Ezzat A, et al. Ewing’s sarcoma of the head and neck: a retrospective analysis of 24 cases. Sarcoma. 1999;3(1):11–5.
Pettinato G, Manivel JC, d’Amore ES, Jaszcz W, Gorlin RJ. Melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A reexamination of a histogenetic problem based on immunohistochemical, flow cytometric, and ultrastructural study of 10 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1991;15(3):233–45.
Barrett AW, Morgan M, Ramsay AD, Farthing PM, Newman L, Speight PM. A clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical analysis of melanotic neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002;93(6):688–98.
Tandon A, Sethi K, Pratap Singh A. Oral rhabdomyosarcoma: A review. J Clin Exp Dent. 2012;4(5):e302–8.
Coleman H, Sukumar S. Malignant tumours of the jaws. SADJ. 2012;67(10):578–80.
Foss RD, Ellis GL. Myofibromas and myofibromatosis of the oral region: a clinicopathologic analysis of 79 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2000;89(1):57–65.
Robertson B, Roche WC, Shabb B. Nodular fasciitis: a case report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986;44(3):236–9.
Jones AC, Prihoda TJ, Kacher JE, Odingo NA, Freedman PD. Osteoblastoma of the maxilla and mandible: a report of 24 cases, review of the literature, and discussion of its relationship to osteoid osteoma of the jaws. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;102(5):639–50.
Snyder MB, Cawson RA. Jaw and pulpal metastasis of an adrenal neuroblastoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1975;40(6):775–84.
Peters WJ. Cherubism: a study of twenty cases from one family. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1979;47(4):307–11.
Radlanski RJ, Renz H, Zimmermann CA, Schuster FP, Voigt A, Heikinheimo K. Chondral ossification centers next to dental primordia in the human mandible: a study of the prenatal development ranging between 68 to 270mm CRL. Ann Anat. 2016;208:49–57.
Van Dijk FS, Pals G, Van Rijn RR, Nikkels PG, Cobben JM. Classification of osteogenesis imperfecta revisited. Eur J Med Genet. 2010;53(1):1–5.
Freemont AJ. The pathology of osteogenesis imperfecta. J Clin Pathol. 1996;49(8):618–9.
Lam DK, Sandor GK, Holmes HI, Carmichael RP, Clokie CM. Marble bone disease: a review of osteopetrosis and its oral health implications for dentists. J Can Dent Assoc. 2007;73(9):839–43.
Dahlstrom JE, Arbuckle SM, Kozlowski K, Peek MJ, Thomson M, Reynolds GJ, et al. Lethal prenatal onset infantile cortical hyperostosis (Caffey disease). Pathology. 2001;33(4):521–5.
Juniper RP. Caffey’s disease. Br J Oral Surg. 1982;20(4):281–7.
Slootweg PJ. Maxillofacial fibro-osseous lesions: classification and differential diagnosis. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1996;13(2):104–12.
Shi RR, Li XF, Zhang R, Chen Y, Li TJ. GNAS mutational analysis in differentiating fibrous dysplasia and ossifying fibroma of the jaw. Mod Pathol. 2013;26(8):1023–31.
Burke AB, Collins MT, Boyce AM. Fibrous dysplasia of bone: craniofacial and dental implications. Oral Dis. 2017;23(6):697–708.
Slootweg PJ, Panders AK, Koopmans R, Nikkels PG. Juvenile ossifying fibroma. An analysis of 33 cases with emphasis on histopathological aspects. J Oral Pathol Med. 1994;23(9):385–8.
Ojo MA, Omoregie OF, Altini M, Coleman H. A clinico-pathologic review of 56 cases of ossifying fibroma of the jaws with emphasis on the histomorphologic variations. Niger J Clin Pract. 2014;17(5):619–23.
Said-Al-Naief N, Fernandes R, Louis P, Bell W, Siegal GP. Desmoplastic fibroma of the jaw: a case report and review of literature. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2006;101(1):82–94.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dahlstrom, J.E., Coleman, H. (2021). Pediatric Surgical Pathology of the Oral Cavity, Maxilla, and Mandible. In: Campisi, P., Forte, V., Ngan, BY., Taylor, G. (eds) Pediatric Head and Neck Textbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59265-3_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59265-3_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-59263-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-59265-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)