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Acetylcholine Imaging in Psychosis

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PET and SPECT in Psychiatry

Abstract

Core symptoms of psychosis include delusions, hallucinations, motor symptoms, and cognitive impairments. The cholinergic system has been increasingly implied in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. PET and SPECT imaging can be useful tools to increase our insight in the role of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine in psychosis. In this chapter we will first globally describe cholinergic neurotransmission and the function of the nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Second, we will provide an overview of PET and SPECT studies examining the cholinergic system in psychosis. Finally, we will briefly discuss the results of these studies as well as future directions.

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Abbreviations

Ach:

Acetylcholine

AcCoa:

Acetyl-coenzyme A

AChE:

Acetylcholinesterase

AChE-Is:

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

α-BTX:

α-Bungarotoxin

BPND:

Binding potential nondisplaceable

ChAT:

Choline acetyltransferase

Cho:

Choline

CNS:

Central nervous system

DLPFC:

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex

[18F]FEOBV:

[18F]fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol

[18F]ASEM:

[18F]-JHU82132; 3-(1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonan-4-yl)-6-18F]fluorodibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide)

2-[18F]F-A-85380:

2-[18F]fluoro-3-(2(S)azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine

[3H]QNB:

[3H](R)-3-quinuclidinylbenzilate

[123I]-IDEX:

[123I]-iododexetimide

[123I]-IBVM:

[123I]-iodobenzovesamicol

[123I]5-IA-85380:

[(123)I]-5-iodo-3-[2(S)-azetidinylmethoxy]pyridine)

mAChRs:

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors

MRS:

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy

nAChRs:

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

OFC:

Orbitofrontal cortex

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PET:

Positron emission tomography

PNS:

Peripheral nervous system

SPECT:

Single-photon emission computed tomography

VAChT:

Vesicular acetylcholine transporter

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Claudia Vingerhoets & Therese van Amelsvoort

  2. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Claudia Vingerhoets & Jan Booij

Authors
  1. Claudia Vingerhoets
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  2. Jan Booij
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  3. Therese van Amelsvoort
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Correspondence to Therese van Amelsvoort .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Rudi A.J.O. Dierckx

  2. Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Medical Engineering and Computer Science, Offenburg University, Offenburg, Germany

    Andreas Otte

  3. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Erik F. J. de Vries

  4. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Aren van Waarde

  5. Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Iris E. Sommer

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Vingerhoets, C., Booij, J., van Amelsvoort, T. (2021). Acetylcholine Imaging in Psychosis. In: Dierckx, R.A., Otte, A., de Vries, E.F.J., van Waarde, A., Sommer, I.E. (eds) PET and SPECT in Psychiatry. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57231-0_15

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