Abstract
Physical resilience is defined as the ability to optimize/recover function in response to the stressors (adversities) of disease, injury, or age-related physical decline, and is multifaceted with areas of overlap between biological, sociological, and psychological factors. This chapter focuses on physical resilience as it relates to rehabilitation of older adults with pathologies that limit motor function. After defining physical resilience, rehabilitation, and recovery, physical resilience research is summarized as it relates to the biology, psychology, and sociology of motor function and aging. The last section deals with research that more explicitly examines the interactions or areas of overlap, and can be considered an examination of the biopsychosocial aspects of physical resilience research as it relates to motor function and aging. Finally, physical activity is discussed as a potential way to assess and improve physical resilience. Future directions are discussed among which are suggestions as to how physical resilience research may be incorporated into clinical practice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Armand, J., & Kuypers, H. G. (1980). Cells of origin of crossed and uncrossed corticospinal fibers in the cat: A quantitative horseradish peroxidase study. Experimental Brain Research, 40, 23–34.
Bernhardt, J., Hayward, K. S., Kwakkel, G., Ward, N. S., Wolf, S. L., Borschmann, K., Krakauer, J. W., Boyd, L. A., Carmichael, S. T., Corbett, D., & Cramer, S. C. (2017). Agreed definitions and a shared vision for new standards in stroke recovery research: The stroke recovery and rehabilitation roundtable taskforce. International Journal of Stroke, 12, 444–450.
Blum, L., & Korner-Bitensky, N. (2008). Usefulness of the berg balance scale in stroke rehabilitation: A systematic review. Physical Therapy, 88, 559–566.
Chen, H., & Smith, S. S. (2018). Item distribution in the berg balance scale: A problem for use with community-living older adults. Journal of Geriatric Physical.
Cole, S. W. (2013). Social regulation of human gene expression: Mechanisms and implications for public health. American Journal of Public Health, 103(Suppl 1), S84–S92.
Cole, S. W., Hawkley, L. C., Arevalo, J. M., Sung, C. Y., Rose, R. M., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2007). Social regulation of gene expression in human leukocytes. Genome Biology, 8, R189.
Colon-Emeric, C., Pieper, C. F., Schmader, K. E., Sloane, R., Bloom, A., McClain, M., Magaziner, J., Huffman, K. M., Orwig, D., Crabtree, D. M., & Whitson, H. E. (2019). Two approaches to classifying and quantifying physical resilience in longitudinal data. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences.
Cosco, T. D., Wister, A., Brayne, C., & Howse, K. (2018). Psychosocial aspects of successful ageing and resilience: Critique, integration and implications. Estudios de Psicologia, 1–19.
Crust, L., & Clough, P. J. (2005). Relationship between mental toughness and physical endurance. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 100, 192–194.
Deuster, P. A., & Silverman, M. N. (2013). Physical fitness: A pathway to health and resilience. U.S. Army Medical Department Journal, 24–35.
Duan-Porter, W., Cohen, H. J., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Sloane, R., Pendergast, J. F., Snyder, D. C., & Morey, M. C. (2016). Physical resilience of older cancer survivors: An emerging concept. Journal of Geriatric Oncology, 7, 471–478.
Franco, O. H., Karnik, K., Osborne, G., Ordovas, J. M., Catt, M., & van der Ouderaa, F. (2009). Changing course in ageing research: The healthy ageing phenotype. Maturitas, 63, 13–19.
Hadley, E. C., Kuchel, G. A., & Newman, A. B. (2017). Report: NIA workshop on measures of physiologic resiliencies in human aging. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 72, 980–990.
Johnson, A. J., Terry, E., Bartley, E. J., Garvan, C., Cruz-Almeida, Y., Goodin, B., Glover, T. L., Staud, R., Bradley, L. A., Fillingim, R. B., & Sibille, K. T. (2019). Resilience factors may buffer cellular aging in individuals with and without chronic knee pain. Molecular Pain, 15, 1744806919842962.
Kamat, R., Depp, C. A., & Jeste, D. V. (2017). Successful aging in community seniors and stroke survivors: Current and future strategies. Neurological Research, 39, 566–572.
Kato, H., Izumiyama, M., Koizumi, H., Takahashi, A., & Itoyama, Y. (2002). Near-infrared spectroscopic topography as a tool to monitor motor reorganization after hemiparetic stroke: A comparison with functional MRI. Stroke, 33, 2032–2036.
Koelmel, E., Hughes, A. J., Alschuler, K. N., & Ehde, D. M. (2017). Resilience mediates the longitudinal relationships between social support and mental health outcomes in multiple sclerosis. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98, 1139–1148.
Kohl, H. W., 3rd, Craig, C. L., Lambert, E. V., Inoue, S., Alkandari, J. R., Leetongin, G., & Kahlmeier, S. (2012). The pandemic of physical inactivity: Global action for public health. Lancet (London, England), 380, 294–305.
Koukouli, S., Vlachonikolis, I. G., & Philalithis, A. (2002). Socio-demographic factors and self-reported functional status: The significance of social support. BMC Health Services Research, 2, 20.
Maddi, S. R. (2005). On hardiness and other pathways to resilience. The American Psychologist, 60, 261–262. discussion 265–267.
Mallers, M. H., Claver, M., & Lares, L. A. (2014). Perceived control in the lives of older adults: The influence of Langer and Rodin's work on gerontological theory, policy, and practice. The Gerontologist, 54, 67–74.
Masten, A. S. (2007). Resilience in developing systems: Progress and promise as the fourth wave rises. Development and Psychopathology, 19, 921–930.
Middleton, A., Fritz, S. L., & Lusardi, M. (2015). Walking speed: The functional vital sign. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 23, 314–322.
Miller, B. F., Seals, D. R., & Hamilton, K. L. (2017). A viewpoint on considering physiological principles to study stress resistance and resilience with aging. Ageing Research Reviews, 38, 1–5.
Peters, S., Cosco, T. D., Mackey, D. C., Sarohia, G. S., Leong, J., & Wister, A. (2019). Measurement instruments for quantifying physical resilience in aging: A scoping review protocol. Systematic Reviews, 8, 34.
Piccinini, G., Imbimbo, I., Ricciardi, D., Coraci, D., Santilli, C., Lo Monaco, M. R., Loreti, C., Vulpiani, M. C., Silveri, M. C., & Padua, L. (2018). The impact of cognitive reserve on the effectiveness of balance rehabilitation in Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 54, 554–559.
Resnick, B., Galik, E., Dorsey, S., Scheve, A., & Gutkin, S. (2011). Reliability and validity testing of the physical resilience measure. The Gerontologist, 51, 643–652.
Ruber, T., Schlaug, G., & Lindenberg, R. (2012). Compensatory role of the cortico-rubro-spinal tract in motor recovery after stroke. Neurology, 79, 515–522.
Rutter, M. (2012). Resilience as a dynamic concept. Development and Psychopathology, 24, 335–344.
Salive, M. E. (2013). Multimorbidity in older adults. Epidemiologic Reviews, 35, 75–83.
Schulz, R., Park, E., Lee, J., Chang, W. H., Lee, A., Kim, Y. H., & Hummel, F. C. (2017). Synergistic but independent: The role of corticospinal and alternate motor fibers for residual motor output after stroke. Neuroimage Clin, 15, 118–124.
Seals, D. R., Justice, J. N., & LaRocca, T. J. (2016). Physiological geroscience: Targeting function to increase healthspan and achieve optimal longevity. The Journal of Physiology, 594, 2001–2024.
Silverman, M. N., & Deuster, P. A. (2014). Biological mechanisms underlying the role of physical fitness in health and resilience. Interface Focus, 4, 20140040.
Silverman, A. M., Molton, I. R., Alschuler, K. N., Ehde, D. M., & Jensen, M. P. (2015). Resilience predicts functional outcomes in people aging with disability: A longitudinal investigation. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 96, 1262–1268.
Swanson, A., Geller, J., DeMartini, K., Fernandez, A., & Fehon, D. (2018). Active coping and perceived social support mediate the relationship between physical health and resilience in liver transplant candidates. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 25, 485–496.
Wagnild, G., & Young, H. M. (1990). Resilience among older women. Image – The Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 22, 252–255.
Whitson, H. E., Duan-Porter, W., Schmader, K. E., Morey, M. C., Cohen, H. J., & Colon-Emeric, C. S. (2016). Physical resilience in older adults: Systematic review and development of an emerging construct. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 71, 489–495.
Wister, A., Kendig, H., Mitchell, B., Fyffe, I., & Loh, V. (2016). Multimorbidity, health and aging in Canada and Australia: A tale of two countries. BMC Geriatrics, 16, 163.
Wister, A., Lear, S., Schuurman, N., MacKey, D., Mitchell, B., Cosco, T., & Fyffe, I. (2018). Development and validation of a multi-domain multimorbidity resilience index for an older population: Results from the baseline Canadian longitudinal study on aging. BMC Geriatrics, 18, 170.
World Health Organization. (2001). International classification of functioning, disability, and health. Geneva: World Health Organization.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Peters, S. (2020). Physical Resilience and Aging. In: Wister, A.V., Cosco, T.D. (eds) Resilience and Aging. Risk, Systems and Decisions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57089-7_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57089-7_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-57088-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-57089-7
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)