Skip to main content

Resilience in Older Adults: What It Is and How to Strengthen It

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Resilience and Aging

Part of the book series: Risk, Systems and Decisions ((RSD))

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive discussion on the concept of resilience and identifies underlying processes and areas for new discovery. It begins with its formative developments in psychology and transitions into application to the field of aging. This work is framed by an overarching resilience model based on Richardson (J Clin Psychol 58(3):307–321, 2002). A set of key resilience qualities and traits, and their underlying processes, are detailed and discussed based on research, ranging from spirituality to social relationships. These lead to a number of intervention strategies that show promise in strengthening resilience in older adults.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 129.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychological Association Help Center. (2004). The road to resilience. Retrieved from http://www.apahelpcenter.org/featuredtopics/feature.php?id. Last accessed June 2019.

  • Araújo dos Reis, L., & de Oliva Menezes, T. (2017). Religiosity and spirituality as resilience strategies among long-living older adults in their daily lives. Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem, 70(4), 761–766.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bartholomaeus, J., Van Agteren, J., Iasiello, M., Jarden, A., & Kelly, D. (2019). Positive aging: The impact of a community wellbeing and resilience program. Clinical Gerontologist, 42(4), 377–386.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Battalio, S., Silverman, A., Ehde, D., Amtmann, D., Edwards, K., & Jensen, M. (2017). Resilience and function in adults with physical disabilities: An observational study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 98, 1158–1164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Boardman, J., Blalock, C., & Button, T. (2008). Sex differences in the heritability of resilience. Twin Research and Human Genetics, 11(1), 12–27.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, K., Osborne, A. (2016). Resilience protective factors in an older adults population: A qualitative interpretive meta syntehsis. Social Work Research, 40(3), 171–181.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bolton, K., Praetorius, R. T., & Smith-Osborne, A. (2016). Resilience protective factors in an older adults population: A qualitative interpretive meta-synthesis. Social Work Research, 40(3), 171–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bonanno, G., Galea, S., Bucciarelli, A., & Vlahov, D. (2007). What predicts psychological resilience after disaster? The role of demographics, resources, and life stress. Death Studies, 31(10), 863–883.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Burton, N. (2019). Building confidence and confidence and self-esteem. Psychology Today. Available at: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/hide-and-seek/201205/building-confidence-and-self-esteem. Last accessed June 2019.

  • Byun, J., & Jung, D. (2016). The influence of daily stress and resilience on successful ageing. International Nursing Review, 63, 482–489.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chan, C., Chan, T., & Ng, S. (2006). The strength-focused and meaning-oriented approach to resilience and transformation (SMART): A body-mind-spirit approach to trauma management. Social Work Health Care, 43(2–3), 9–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Charney, D. (2004). Psychobiological mechanisms of resilience and vulnerability: Implications for successful adaptation to extreme stress. American Journal of Psychiatry, 161, 195–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chow, S., Hamagani, F., & Nesselroade, J. (2007). Age differences in dynamical emotion-cognition linkages. Psychological Aging, 224(4), 765–780.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, M., Bakas, T., Plue, L., & Williams, L. (2016). Effects of self-esteem, optimism, and perceived control on depressive symptoms in stroke survivor-spouse dyads. Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing, 31(2), 8–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cosco, T., Howse, K., & Brayne, C. (2017). Healthy ageing, resilience and wellbeing. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 26, 579–583.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Alfieri, W., Borgogni, T., Costanzo, S., & Nistico, F. (2017). Biologic resilience of elderly hospitalized patients. Journal of Geontology Medical Sciences, 72(1), 140–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feder, A., Nestler, E., & Charney, D. (2009). Psychobiology and molecular genetics of resilience. Neuroscience, 10, 447–457.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fraser, M. W., Richman, J. M., & Galinsky, M. J. (1999). Risk, protection, and resilience: Toward a conceptual framework for social work practice. Social Work Research, 23(3), 129–208.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fullen, M., & Gorby, S. (2016). Reframing resilience: Pilot evaluation of a program to promote resilience in marginalized older adults. Educational Gerontology, 42(9), 660–671.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Grothberg, E. (2003). Resilience for today: Gaining strength from adversity. Wesport: Praeger.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardy, S., Concato, J., & Gill, T. (2004). Resilience of community-dwelling older persons. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 52(2), 257–262.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hegney, D., Buikstra, E., Baker, P., Rogers-Clark, C., Pearce, S., Ross, H., et al. (2007). Individual resilience in rural people: A Queensland study, Australia. Rural and Remote Health, 7(4), 620–625.

    Google Scholar 

  • Klinedinst, J., & Hackney, A. (2018). Physiological resilience and the impact on health. In B. Resnick, L. Gwyther, & K. Roberto (Eds.), Resilience in aging. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Laird, K. T., Lavretsky, H., Paholpak, P., Vlasova, R. M., Roman, M., St. Cyr, N., & Siddarth, P. (2019). Clinical correlates of resilience factors in geriatric depression. International Psychogeriatrics, 31(2), 193–202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lamond, A., Depp, C., Allison, M., Langer, R., Reichstadt, J., Moore, D., et al. (2008). Measurement and predictors of resilience among community-dwelling older women. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43(2), 148–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leaver, A., Yang, H., Siddarth, P., Vlasova, R., Krause, B., St. Cyr, N., et al. (2018). Resilience and amygdala function in older healthy and depressed adults. Journal of Affective Disorders, 237, 27–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • LeBrasseur, N. (2017). Physical resilience: Opportunities and challenges in translation. Journal of Gerontology A: Biological and Medical Sciences, 72(7), 978–979.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee, H., Brown, S., Mitchell, M., & Schiraldi, G. (2008). Correlates of resilience in the face of adversity for Korean women immigrating to the US. Immigrant and Minority Health, 10(5), 415–422.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mager, B. (2019). Storytelling contributes to resilience in older adults. Activities, Adaptation & Aging, 43(1), 23–36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Majeski, R. A., & Stover, M. (2019). The expressive arts and resilience in aging. Educational Gerontology, 45(3), 161–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Manning, L., Carr, D., & Kail, B. (2016). Do higher levels of resilience buffer the deleterious impact of chronic illness on disability in later life? The Gerontologist, 56(3), 514–524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Newman, R. (2005). APA’s resilience initiative. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 36(2), 227–229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • O’Hara, R., Marcus, P., & Thompson, W. (2012). 5-HTTLPR short allele, resilience and successful aging in older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 452–488.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ong, A., Bergeman, C., Bisconti, T., & Wallace, K. (2006). Psychological resilience, positive emotions, and successful adaptation to stress in later life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(4), 730–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, B., Galik, E., Dorsey, S., Scheve, A., & Gutkin, S. (2011). Reliability and validity testing of the physical resilience measure. The Gerontologist, 51(5), 643–652.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Resnick, B., Klinedinst, N., Yerges-Armstrong, L., Choi, E., & Dorsey, S. (2015). The impact of genetics on physical resilience and successful aging. Journal of Aging & Health, 27(6), 1084–1104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Richardson, G. (2002). The metatheory of resilience and resiliency. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(3), 307–321.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ronaldson, A., Molloy, G., Wikman, A., Poole, L., Kaski, J., & Steptoe, A. (2015). Optimism and recovery after acute coronary syndrome: A clinical cohort study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 77(3), 311–318.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rossi, N., Bisconti, T., & Bergeman, C. (2007). The role of dispositional resilience in regaining life satisfaction after the loss of a spouse. Death Studies, 31(10), 863–883.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sadler, E., Sarre, S., Tinker, A., Bhalla, A., & McKevitt, C. (2017). Developing a novel peer support intervention to promote resilience after stroke. Health & Social Care in the Community, 25(5), 1590–1600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanders, A., Lim, S., & Sohn, W. (2008). Resilience to urban poverty: Theoretical and empirical considerations for population health. American Journal of Public Health, 98(6), 1101–1106.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sells, D., Sledge, W. H., Wieland, M., Walden, D., Flanagan, E., Miller, R., & Davidson, L. (2009). Cascading crises, resilience, and social support within the onset and development of multiple chronic conditions. Chronic Illness, 5(2), 92–102.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, J., & Hanni, A. (2019). Effects of a savoring intervention on resilience and well-being of older adults. Journal of Applied Gerontology, 38(1), 137–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taliaz, D., Loya, A., Gersner, R., Haramati, S., Chen, A., & Zangen, A. (2011). Resilience to chronic stress is mediated by hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Journal of Neuroscience, 31(12), 4475–4483.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • The Ageing Network. (2019). The definition of resilience. Available at: http://resilience.bangor.ac.uk/knowledgetransfer.php.en. Last accessed June 2019.

  • Ukraintseva, S., Yashin, A., & Arbeev, K. (2016). Resilience versus robustness in aging. Journals of Gerontology A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 71(11), 1533–1534.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Varadhan, R., Waltston, J., & Bandeen-Roche, K. (2018). Can a link be found between physical resilience in older adults by studying dynamical systems? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 66, 1455–1456.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wermelinger, A., Prisicila, M., Correa, J., Lucchett, A., & Lucchetti, G. (2018). The role of physical activity in the association between resilience and mental health in older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 26(2), 248–253.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Whitson, H., Duan-Porter, W., Schmader, K., Morey, M., Cohen, H., & Colon-Emeric, C. (2016). Physical resilience in older adults: Systematic review and development of an emerging construct. The Gerontologist, 71(4), 489–495.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wister, A., Coatta, K., Schuurman, N., Lear, S., Rosin, M., & MacKey, D. (2016). A Lifecourse model of resilience applied to aging with multimorbidity. International Journal of Aging & Human Development, 82(4), 290–313.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Barbara Resnick .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Resnick, B. (2020). Resilience in Older Adults: What It Is and How to Strengthen It. In: Wister, A.V., Cosco, T.D. (eds) Resilience and Aging. Risk, Systems and Decisions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57089-7_2

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics