Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Invasive Ventilation in Older Patients: The Timing

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Covid-19 Airway Management and Ventilation Strategy for Critically Ill Older Patients

  • 662 Accesses

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third coronavirus infection after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The number of people diagnosed with COVID-19 worldwide crossed the 3.5 million and deaths crossed 245 thousand on May 3, 2020; the case fatality rate across 215 countries and territories was 6.9% [1, 2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.

  2. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/. https://blogs.bmj.com/bmj/2020/05/01/covid-19-a-complex-multisystem-clinical-syndrome/.

  3. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) when COVID-19 disease is suspected: Interim guidance. 13 March 2020. WHO reference number: WHO/2019-nCoV/clinical/2020.4.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, Wang B, Xiang H, Cheng Z, Xiong Y, Zhao Y, Li Y, Wang X, Peng Z. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus–infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323:1061–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  5. Bhatraju PK, Ghassemieh BJ, Nichols M, Kim R, Jerome KR, Nalla AK, Greninger AL, Pipavath S, Wurfel MM, Evans L, Kritek PA, West TE, Luks A, Gerbino A, Dale CR, Goldman JD, O’Mahony S, Mikacenic C. Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the seattle region—case series. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2012–22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2004500.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhou F, Yu T, Ronghui D, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, Xiang J, Wang Y, Song B, Xiaoying G, Guan L, Wei Y, Li H, Wu X, Xu J, Shengjin T, Zhang Y, Chen H, Cao B. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;395:P1054–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Grasselli G, Zangrillo A, Zanella A, Antonelli M, Cabrini L, Castelli A, Cereda D, Coluccello A, Foti G, Fumagalli R, Iotti G, Latronico N, Lorini L, Merler S, Natalini G, Piatti A, Ranieri MV, Scandroglio AM, Storti E, Cecconi M, Pesenti A, for the COVID-19 Lombardy ICU Network. Baseline characteristics and outcomes of 1591 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to ICUs of the Lombardy Region, Italy. JAMA. 2020;323:1574–81. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.5394.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, Liu S, Zhao P, Liu H, Zhu L, Tai Y, Bai C, Gao T, Song J, Xia P, Dong J, Zhao J, Wang F-S. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8:420–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Hanley B, Lucas SB, Youd E, Swift B, Osborn M. Autopsy in suspected COVID-19 cases. J Clin Pathol. 2020;73:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1136/jclinpath-2020-206522.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Barton LM, Duval EJ, Stroberg E, Ghosh S, Mukhopadhyay S. COVID-19 Autopsies, Oklahoma, USA. Am J Clin Pathol. 2020;153(6):725–33. https://doi.org/10.1093/AJCP/AQAA062.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Fox SE, Akmatbekov A, Harbert JL, Li G, Brown JQ, Vander Heide RS. Pulmonary and cardiac pathology in Covid-19: the first autopsy series from New Orleans. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.06.20050575.

  12. Ottestad W, Søvik S. COVID-19 patients with respiratory failure: what can we learn from aviation medicine? Br J Anaesth. 2020; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.04.012.

  13. Tobin MJ. Basing respiratory management of coronavirus on physiological principles. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(11):1319–20. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202004-1076ED.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Chiumello D. Covid-19 does not lead to a “typical” acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1299–300. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0817LE.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P, Busana M, Romitti F, Brazzi L, Camporota L. COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatment for different phenotypes? Intens Care Med. 2020;46:1099–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06033-2.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Richardson S, Hirsch JS, Narasimhan M, Crawford JM, McGinn T, Davidson KW, and the Northwell COVID-19 Research Consortium. Presenting characteristics, comorbidities, and outcomes among 5700 patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in the New York City Area. JAMA. 2020;323(20):2052–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6775.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Jieming Q, Gong F, Yang H, Yang Q, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, Xia J’a, Yu T, Zhang X, Zhang L. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395:P507–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kang BJ, Koh YS, Lim CM, Huh JW, Baek SH, Han MJ, et al. Failure of high-flow nasal cannula therapy may delay intubation and increase mortality. Intensive Care Med. 2015;41:623–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Vosylius S, Sipylaite J, Ivaskevicius J. Determinants of outcome in elderly patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Age Ageing. 2005;34:157–62. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afi037.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Esteban A, Anzueto A, Frutos-Vivar F, et al. Outcome of older patients receiving mechanical ventilation. Intensive Care Med. 2004;30:639–46.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Van den Noortgate N, Vogelaers D, Afschrift M, Colardyn F. Intensive care for very elderly patients: outcome and risk factors for in-hospital mortality. Age Ageing. 1999;28:253–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Farfel JM, Franca SA, Sitta MDC, Filho WJ, Carvalho CRR. Age, invasive ventilatory support and outcomes in elderly patients admitted to intensive care units. Age Ageing. 2009;38:515–20. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afp119.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Xiao K, Liu B, Guan W, Yan P, Song L, Wang Y, Xie L. Prognostic analysis of elderly patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. J Healthc Eng. 2020;2020:6432048. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/6432048.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Lieberman D, Nachshon L, Miloslavsky O, Dvorkin V, Shimoni A, Lieberman D. How do older ventilated patients fare? A survival/functional analysis of 641 ventilations. J Crit Care. 2009;24(3):340–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2009.01.015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Scala R, Ciarleglio G, Maccari U, Granese V, Salerno L, Madioni C. Ventilator support and oxygen therapy in palliative and end-of-life Care in the Elderly. Turk Thorac J. 2020;21(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.5152/TurkThoracJ.2020.201401.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Scala R, Pisani L. Noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure: which recipe for success? Eur Respir Rev. 2018;27:pii: 180029.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Huang C-C, Muo C-H, Wu T-F, Chi T-Y, Shen T-C, Hsia T-C, Shih C-M. The application of non-invasive and invasive mechanical ventilation in the first episode of acute respiratory failure. Intern Emerg Med. 2020;30:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11739-020-02315-1.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Anon JM, Gómez-Tello V, González-Higueras E, Córcoles V, Quintana M, García de Lorenzo A, Onoro JJ, Martín-Delgado C, García-Fernández A, Marina L, Gordo F, Choperena G, Díaz-Alersi R, Montejo JC, López-Martínez J. Prognosis of elderly patients subjected to mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Med Int. 2013;37(3):149–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.medin.2012.03.014.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Lieberman D, Nachshon L, Miloslavsky O, Dvorkin V, Shimoni A, Zelinger J, Friger M, Lieberman D. Elderly patients undergoing mechanical ventilation in and out of intensive care units: a comparative, prospective study of 579 ventilations. Crit Care. 2010;14:R48.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Barnato AE, Albert SM, Angus DC, Lave JR, Degenholtz HB. Disability among elderly survivors of mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011;183:1037–42. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.201002-0301OC.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Cruz RS, Villarejo F, Figueroa A, Corte’s-Jofre M, Gagliardi J, Navarrete M. Mortality in critically ill elderly individuals receiving mechanical ventilation. Respir Care. 2019;64(4):473–83. https://doi.org/10.4187/respcare.06586.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Li Q, Zhang J, Wan X. Analysis of characteristics and related risk factors of prognosis in elderly and young adult patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Zhonghua Wei Zhong Bing Ji Jiu Yi Xue. 2014;26(11):794–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Duke GJ, Barker A, Knott CI, Santamaria JD. Outcomes of older people receiving intensive care in Victoria. Med J Aust. 2014;200(6):323–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Suchyta MR, Clemmer TP, Elliott CG, Orme JF Jr, Weaver LK. The adult respiratory distress syndrome. A report of survival and modifying factors. Chest. 1992;101(4):1074–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Zilberberg MD, Epstein SK. Acute lung injury in the medical ICU: comorbid conditions, age, etiology, and hospital outcome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1998;157(4 Pt 1):1159–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Liu K, Chen Y, Lin R, Han K. Clinical features of COVID-19 in elderly patients: a comparison with young and middle-aged patients. J Inf Secur. 2020;80:e14–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.005.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Liu K, Zhang W, Yang Y, Zhang J, Li Y, Chen Y. Respiratory rehabilitation in elderly patients with COVID-19: a randomized controlled study. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2020;39:101166.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anaesthesiology and Reanimation, General Intensive Care Unit, Yeditepe University Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey

    U. T. K. U. Tughan

Authors
  1. U. T. K. U. Tughan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Geriatric and Intensive Geriatric Cares, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Avellino, Italy

    Nicola Vargas

  2. International NIV School and Fellow Program, Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain

    Antonio M. Esquinas

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Tughan, U.T.K.U. (2020). The Invasive Ventilation in Older Patients: The Timing. In: Vargas, N., Esquinas, A.M. (eds) Covid-19 Airway Management and Ventilation Strategy for Critically Ill Older Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55621-1_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55621-1_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-55620-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-55621-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation