Abstract
Patients with severe COVID-19 usually develop acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) characterised by acute hypoxemic respiratory failure (HRF) and bilateral pulmonary infiltrates [1, 2]. The common reason for HRF occurring in the course of ARDS is the ventilation-perfusion mismatch or the intrapulmonary shunt [3]. Generally, HRF is defined as an acute condition where the arterial oxygen tension is below 60 mmHg on room air or oxygen is required to maintain measurements of pulse oximetry above 90% with low or normal partial carbon dioxide pressure [4]. Therapeutic options are limited to target the ongoing pathological processes of ARDS, and hence mechanical ventilation continues to be the mainstay for patient management [5]. Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) and high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) can play a role in providing respiratory support to COVID-19 patients before developing severe HRF or in circumstances where there is limited access to more invasive techniques [1].
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Harb, H.S., Madney, Y.M., Abdelrahim, M.E., Saeed, H. (2020). The Role of Non-invasive Ventilation. In: Vargas, N., Esquinas, A.M. (eds) Covid-19 Airway Management and Ventilation Strategy for Critically Ill Older Patients. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55621-1_14
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-55621-1_14
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