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Neurophysiology of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia

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Paroxysmal Movement Disorders

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Abstract

Paroxysmal dyskinesia (PxD) is a rare group of movement disorders manifesting as abnormal involuntary movements that occur episodically and last only briefly. Among various complementary studies, neurophysiological series have distinct importance. Classical neurophysiological tests such as electroencephalography, electromyography, and somatosensory/visual evoked potentials are typically performed on patients with PxD. Although in most cases the results are negative, they are nevertheless important to rule out other neurological diseases included in the differential diagnosis or to confirm concurrent diseases such as epilepsy. Another group of neurophysiological techniques including magnetoencephalography and transcranial magnetic stimulation have been used to explore the pathophysiology of PxD. Both provide strong evidence regarding inhibitory impairment in sensorimotor circuits at both cortical and spinal levels in patients with PxD.

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Abbreviations

CNV:

Contingent negative variation

EEG:

Electroencephalography

EMG:

Electromyography

LICI:

Long intracortical inhibition

MEG:

Magnetoencephalography

MEP:

Motor evoked potentials

PED:

Paroxysmal exertion/exercise-induced dyskinesia

PHD:

Paroxysmal hypnogenic dyskinesia

PKD:

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia

PNKD:

Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia

PxD:

Paroxysmal dyskinesia

SICI:

Short intracortical inhibition

SNW:

Slow negative wave

TMS:

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

β-ERS:

Beta event-related synchronization

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain

    Francisco J. Palomar & Pablo Mir

  2. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Seville, Spain

    Francisco J. Palomar & Pablo Mir

Authors
  1. Francisco J. Palomar
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  2. Pablo Mir
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Correspondence to Pablo Mir .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA

    Kapil D. Sethi

  2. Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Salerno, Italy

    Roberto Erro

  3. Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK

    Kailash P. Bhatia

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Palomar, F.J., Mir, P. (2021). Neurophysiology of Paroxysmal Dyskinesia. In: Sethi, K.D., Erro, R., Bhatia, K.P. (eds) Paroxysmal Movement Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53721-0_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53721-0_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-53720-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-53721-0

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