Abstract
Ancillary procedures by means of surgical or nonsurgical procedures may improve ectropion, epiphora, keratitis, nasal obstruction, oral competence, articulation and aesthetic appearance. It may be used as a stand-alone treatment, or as an adjunct to dynamic reconstructions to serve as an internal splint. Depending on the most important complaints, cq deficit, synkinesis, or hyperkinesis at the affected side or synkinesis or hyperkinesis at the unaffected side and a patient’s preference for (non-)invasive surgery a treatment plan could be made. It has an important contribution to finding the balance between the happy mimic expression group and the unhappy mimic expression group. Generally spoken, these procedures have a low morbidity and result in immediate aesthetic improvement.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Guntinas-Lichius O, Glowka TR, Angelov DN, Irintchev A, Neiss WF. Improved functional recovery after facial nerve reconstruction by temporary denervation of the contralateral mimic musculature with botulinum toxin in rats. Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2011;25(1):15–23.
Cabin JA, Massry GG, Azizzadeh B. Botulinum toxin in the management of facial paralysis. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2015;23(4):272–80.
Cooper L, Lui M, Nduka C. Botulinum toxin treatment for facial palsy: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70(6):833–41.
Takushima A, Harii K, Sugawara Y, Asato H. Anthropometric measurements of the endoscopic eyebrow lift in the treatment of facial paralysis. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2003;111(7):2157–65.
Tyers AG. Brow lift via the direct and trans-blepharoplasty approaches. Orbit. 2006;25(4):261–5.
Alford EL. The SOOF lift as an adjunct in rehabilitation of facial paralysis: help or hype? Facial Plast Surg. 2000;16(4):345–9.
Fedok FG, Ferraro RE. Restoration of lower eyelid support in facial paralysis. Facial Plast Surg. 2000;16(4):337–43.
Ibrahim AM, Rabie AN, Kim PS, Medina M, Upton J, Lee BT, et al. Static treatment modalities in facial paralysis: a review. J Reconstr Microsurg. 2013;29(4):223–32.
Olver JM. Raising the suborbicularis oculi fat (SOOF): its role in chronic facial palsy. Br J Ophthalmol. 2000;84(12):1401–6.
Faris C, Heiser A, Jowett N, Hadlock T. Minimal nasolabial incision technique for nasolabial fold modification in patients with facial paralysis. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2018;20(2):148–53.
Lindsay RW, Bhama P, Hohman M, Hadlock TA. Prospective evaluation of quality-of-life improvement after correction of the alar base in the flaccidly paralyzed face. JAMA Facial Plast Surg. 2015;17(2):108–12.
Paniello RC. Nasal valve suspension. An effective treatment for nasal valve collapse. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1996;122(12):1342–6.
Yoshimoto S, Sato N, Kuroki T, Rikihisa N, Ichinose M. Static reconstruction of malar region in facial paralysis: a new alternative technique for plasty of symmetric mouth appearance. J Plast Surg Hand Surg. 2013;47(5):390–3.
Horta R, Correia-Sa I, Nascimento R, Silva A, Amarante J. Correction of residual static and dynamic labial deviations in a paralyzed face after free gracilis muscle transplantation. J Craniofac Surg. 2016;27(8):2143–5.
Bianchi B, Ferri A, Ferrari S, Leporati M, Ferri T, Sesenna E. Ancillary procedures in facial animation surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2014;72(12):2582–90.
Rose EH. Autogenous fascia lata grafts: clinical applications in reanimation of the totally or partially paralyzed face. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2005;116(1):20–32; discussion 3–5
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Driessen, C., Tzou, CH.J., Rodríguez-Lorenzo, A. (2021). Principles of Symmetrisation Techniques in Facial Palsy. In: Tzou, CH.J., Rodríguez-Lorenzo, A. (eds) Facial Palsy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50784-8_27
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50784-8_27
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-50783-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-50784-8
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)