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Upper Gondwana (Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) Palynoflora of India: Its Correlation with Other Gondwana Continents and Phytogeographical Implications

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Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics

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Abstract

Upper Gondwana deposits occur extensively across peninsular and extra-peninsular parts of India. The present study provides a critical palynological review of the Indian Upper Gondwana sequence, mainly focusing on the paleobotanical distribution, diversity, and transitions. The current problems and stratigraphic lacuna in dating and correlating the Upper Gondwana sequence of India are also discussed. The palynological data pertaining to the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods of Gondwana reveals the presence of four phases of floral transition, i.e., (I) the Triassic-Jurassic boundary flora (replacement of corystosperms by cheirolepidacean conifers); (II) the post-Toarcian flora (replacement of cheirolepidacean conifers by araucarian conifers); (III) the Tithonian-Valanginian flora (rise of araucarians and podocarps; (IV) the post-Hauterivian flora (appearance of angiosperms). These floral transitions were greatly affected by tectonic movements and eustatic changes. The palynostratigraphic correlation of Indian flora with other contemporaneous strata across the Gondwana continents shows its close similarity with eastern Antarctica and Australia constituting a single phytogeographic province.

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Acknowledgements

This research is supported by the National Post-Doctoral Fellowship (PDF/2017/002297) grant from the Science and Engineering Research Board of India (SERB). Prof. Annette Goetz, Prof. Ana Maria Zavattieri and Dr. Anju Saxena are gratefully acknowledged for their valuable suggestions that significantly improved the article.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Centre for Advanced Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India

    Shreya Mishra

  2. Birbal Sahni Institute of Paleosciences, 53-University Road, Lucknow, 226007, India

    Vandana Prasad

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  1. Shreya Mishra
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  2. Vandana Prasad
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Correspondence to Shreya Mishra .

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  1. Department of Geology, Center for Advanced Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India

    Guntupalli V.R. Prasad

  2. Center of Advanced Study in Geology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India

    Rajeev Patnaik

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Mishra, S., Prasad, V. (2020). Upper Gondwana (Jurassic to Early Cretaceous) Palynoflora of India: Its Correlation with Other Gondwana Continents and Phytogeographical Implications. In: Prasad, G.V., Patnaik, R. (eds) Biological Consequences of Plate Tectonics. Vertebrate Paleobiology and Paleoanthropology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-49753-8_2

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