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Pathophysiological Mechanisms Implicated in Organ Damage and Cardiovascular Events

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Microcirculation in Cardiovascular Diseases

Part of the book series: Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection ((UHCP))

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Abstract

Globally, societies are burdened with higher rates of chronic and cardiovascular diseases draining the limited healthcare resources. This is due to growth in aging populations as a consequence of improved social conditions, enhanced healthcare provisions and availability of high-calorie diets coupled with sedentary lifestyles.

Over the past decade, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has firmly established itself as a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. MetS is a constellation of three disorders: obesity, hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM). Each of these can exist in isolation, but we are slowly beginning to appreciate that in fact they exist as a spectrum of conditions and there is an intricate interplay between these disease states which share a common aetiology and pathobiology at cellular and microvascular level.

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Abbreviations

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

CAD:

Coronary artery disease

DM:

Diabetes mellitus

EC:

Endothelial cell

EDCFs:

Endothelium-derived constricting factors

EDHF:

Endothelium-derived hyperpolarising factor

EDRFs:

Endothelium-derived relaxing factors

EFS:

Electric field stimulation

MetS:

Metabolic syndrome

NO:

Nitric oxide

PVAT:

Perivascular adipose tissue

RAAS:

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

SNS:

Sympathetic nervous system

T2DM:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus

VSMC:

Vascular smooth muscle cell

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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  1. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Core Technology Facility, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Reza Aghamohammadzadeh & Anthony M. Heagerty

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  1. Reza Aghamohammadzadeh
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Correspondence to Anthony M. Heagerty .

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  1. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Enrico Agabiti-Rosei

  2. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    Anthony M. Heagerty

  3. Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

    Damiano Rizzoni

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Aghamohammadzadeh, R., Heagerty, A.M. (2020). Pathophysiological Mechanisms Implicated in Organ Damage and Cardiovascular Events. In: Agabiti-Rosei, E., Heagerty, A.M., Rizzoni, D. (eds) Microcirculation in Cardiovascular Diseases. Updates in Hypertension and Cardiovascular Protection. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47801-8_14

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