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Finding New Frontiers: The Challenges of Early-Stage Indian Entrepreneurs in Accessing Finance in an Evolving Startup Ecosystem

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Abstract

India experienced an explosive boom in startup growth, especially in the technology-oriented marketplace. This has translated into a significant contribution to the Indian economy. However, tech startups in India face challenges in securing finance, acquiring talented people, and maintaining a positive cash-flow. Challenges associated with accessing finance are especially pronounced for first-time entrepreneurs as many of them fail to contemplate issues such as product-market fit, future valuation, revenue realisation, and the potential market size. Sometimes, inherent characteristics of the Indian market are overlooked making it harder for inexperienced entrepreneurs to determine the market size, growth, and entry barriers. To support new entrepreneurs with viable ideas, several startup associations, serial entrepreneurs, big corporates, and the government are creating an ecosystem that provides networking opportunities, guidance and training, and infrastructure, such as incubators and accelerators.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    This includes startups already incepted and expected growth until December 2019.

  2. 2.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Zinnov. 2018. Indian tech startup ecosystem: Approaching escape velocity-Edition,https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2018-approaching-escape-velocity

  3. 3.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2019. Indian tech startup ecosystem, Leading tech in the 20s-Edition 2019. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-leading-tech-20s

  4. 4.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2017. Indian startup ecosystem, Traversing the maturity cycle-Edition 2017, supported by Google for entrepreneurs. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-start-ecosystem-%E2%80%93-traversing-maturity-cycle-edition-2017

  5. 5.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Zinnov. 2018. Indian tech startup ecosystem: Approaching escape velocity-Edition,https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2018-approaching-escape-velocity; and Financial Express Bureau. 2019. Economic Survey 2019: B2C start-ups receive more funds, Financial Express, July. https://www.financialexpress.com/budget/economic-survey-2019-b2c-start-ups-receive-more-funds/1629466/

  6. 6.

    Deep Kalra. 2019. From angels to IPOs: Expanding the funding options for Indian startups. The Economic Times, July 2, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/from-angels-to-ipos-expanding-the-funding-options-for-indian-startups/articleshow/70035768.cms

  7. 7.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2019. Indian tech startup ecosystem, Leading tech in the 20s-Edition 2019. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-leading-tech-20s

  8. 8.

    The IBM Institute for Business Value. 2016. Entrepreneurial India: How startups redefine India’s economic growth, in collaboration with Oxford Economics. Page 3. https://d1iydh3qrygeij.cloudfront.net/Media/Default/New%20release%20images%20and%20reports/Entrepreneurial%20India%20IBV%20mid%202016.pdf

  9. 9.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2017. Indian startup ecosystem, Traversing the maturity cycle-Edition 2017, supported by Google for entrepreneurs. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-start-ecosystem-%E2%80%93-traversing-maturity-cycle-edition-2017

  10. 10.

    Kashyap Deorah. 2015. The Golden Tap – The Inside Story of Hyper-Funded Indian Start-Ups, published by Roli books, November. Location 214 or 4513 (Kindle edition).

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    Startup India, Government of India, https://www.startupindia.gov.in/content/sih/en/about-startup-india-initiative.html

  12. 12.

    Kashyap Deorah. 2015. The Golden Tap – The Inside Story of Hyper-Funded Indian Start-Ups. Published by Roli books, November. Location 3648 of 4513 (Kindle edition).

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    IBM Institute 2016. Entrepreneurial India: How startups redefine India’s economic growth. https://d1iydh3qrygeij.cloudfront.net/Media/Default/New%20release%20images%20and%20reports/Entrepreneurial%20India%20IBV%20mid%202016.pdf

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    Ravi Narayan. 2019. How Budget 2019 can create an enabling and supportive ecosystem for startups. The economic times, July 4. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/how-budget-2019-can-create-an-enabling-and-supportive-ecosystem-for-startups/articleshow/70071416.cms

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    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2019. Indian tech startup ecosystem, Leading tech in the 20s-Edition 2019. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-leading-tech-20s

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    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Zinnov. 2018. Indian tech startup ecosystem: Approaching escape velocity-Edition,https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2018-approaching-escape-velocity

  17. 17.

    Definition of funding stages: Seed Stage -<$1 Mn, Early Stage -$1–5 Mn, Growth Stage -$5–20 Mn, Expansion Stage ->$20 Mn; defined by The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM).; The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2019. Indian tech startup ecosystem, Leading tech in the 20s-Edition 2019. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-leading-tech-20s

  18. 18.

    Deep Kalra. 2019. From angels to IPOs: Expanding the funding options for Indian startups. The Economic Times. July 2. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/from-angels-to-ipos-expanding-the-funding-options-for-indian-startups/articleshow/70035768.cms

  19. 19.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Zinnov. 2018. Indian tech startup ecosystem: Approaching escape velocity-Edition,https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2018-approaching-escape-velocity

  20. 20.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2019. Indian tech startup ecosystem, Leading tech in the 20s-Edition 2019. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-leading-tech-20s

  21. 21.

    Kashyap Deorah. 2015. The Golden Tap – The Inside Story of Hyper-Funded Indian Start-Ups. Published by Roli books, November. Location 3670 of 4513 (Kindle edition).

  22. 22.

    Taslima Khan. 2014. A whole new ball game. Business today. September 14 https://www.businesstoday.in/magazine/cover-story/smes-bash-gaming-silicon-valley-bingo-bash/story/209602.html

  23. 23.

    Sabrina Korreck. 2019. The Indian startup ecosystem: drivers, challenges and pillars of support. Observer Research Foundation Occasional paper. September. https://www.orfonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/ORF_Occasional_Paper_210_Startups.pdf

  24. 24.

    Rahul Sachintanand. 2019. Path to profitability dominates Indian startups as profitable exits become more frequent. The economic times. June. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/small-biz/startups/newsbuzz/path-to-profitability-dominates-indian-startups-as-profitable-exits-become-more-frequent/articleshow/69613418.cms?from=mdr

  25. 25.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2019. Indian tech startup ecosystem, Leading tech in the 20s-Edition 2019. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-leading-tech-20s

  26. 26.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Zinnov. 2018. Indian tech startup ecosystem: Approaching escape velocity-Edition,https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2018-approaching-escape-velocity

  27. 27.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Zinnov. 2018. Indian tech startup ecosystem: Approaching escape velocity-Edition,https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2018-approaching-escape-velocity

  28. 28.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM). 2019. Indian tech startup ecosystem, Leading tech in the 20s-Edition 2019. https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-leading-tech-20s

  29. 29.

    The National Association of Software and Services Companies (NASSCOM) and Zinnov. 2018. Indian tech startup ecosystem: Approaching escape velocity-Edition,https://www.nasscom.in/knowledge-center/publications/indian-tech-start-ecosystem-2018-approaching-escape-velocity

  30. 30.

    The times of India. 2019. We’ve capability, courage and conditions to achieve target of $5 trillion economy: PM Modi, September 25. https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/we-have-the-capability-courage-and-conditions-to-achieve-the-target-of-5-trillion-economy-pm-modi/articleshow/71296816.cms

Acknowledgments

The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of Rohit Behara, ex-VC associate and management consultant with an investment fund; Sudipto Das, entrepreneur and author; Dr. G Ananthakrishnan, CTO and Founder, Dave.AI; Abhishek Ayyagari, fin-tech entrepreneur, and a few investors who preferred to remain anonymous for their time and inputs to this paper. I would like to thank Rajesh Vivekanandham, an engineer and my spouse, for his tech and networking support during the research and the survey, and my colleagues from my organization for their review and inputs. Finally, I will like to express my gratitude to Darek Klonowski, Professor, Brandon University, for giving me the opportunity for contributing to this book and his continued support.

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Disclaimer: The research analysis is carried out in the author’s personal capacity. The findings, views, and conclusions expressed in this article are strictly of the author’s and do not represent those of the author’s employing organization.

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Majumdar, R. (2020). Finding New Frontiers: The Challenges of Early-Stage Indian Entrepreneurs in Accessing Finance in an Evolving Startup Ecosystem. In: Klonowski, D. (eds) Entrepreneurial Finance in Emerging Markets. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46220-8_13

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