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18F-Labeled Small-Molecule and Low-Molecular-Weight PET Tracers for the Noninvasive Detection of Cancer

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Molecular Imaging in Oncology

Part of the book series: Recent Results in Cancer Research ((RECENTCANCER,volume 216))

Abstract

Noninvasive molecular imaging of cancer by means of the scintigraphic imaging modalities PET, PET/CT, and PET/MRI represents a powerful diagnostic tool in modern nuclear medicine. Radiotracers labeled with the prominent positron emitter fluorine-18 are routinely used to target and visualize discrete biological structures dysregulated in the progression of cancer. Such tracers are therefore capable of detecting oncological pathologies in vivo at the cellular and subcellular level in a timely manner and are thereby used for early detection of cancer as well as monitoring for treatment response. This chapter describes a variety of important 18F-labeled radiopharmaceuticals that are frequently used in oncological PET imaging. Small-molecule and low-molecular-weight radiotracers for the detection of glucose utilization, amino acid transport, protein synthesis, membrane lipid synthesis, cell proliferation, cell death, hypoxia, estrogen receptor status, prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression, and bone mineralization of tumors are introduced. The structural properties, common radiochemical synthesis approaches as well as in vivo metabolism and accumulation mechanisms of the clinically most important 18F-labeled radiotracers are described.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131, Mainz, Germany

    Christopher M. Waldmann

  2. Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Bautzner Landstr. 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany

    Klaus Kopka

  3. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building A1, 48149, Münster, Germany

    Stefan Wagner

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  1. Christopher M. Waldmann
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  3. Stefan Wagner
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Correspondence to Christopher M. Waldmann .

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  1. Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany

    Otmar Schober

  2. Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Fabian Kiessling

  3. Department of Radiation Oncology, Ruprecht Karl University, Heidelberg, Germany

    Jürgen Debus

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Waldmann, C.M., Kopka, K., Wagner, S. (2020). 18F-Labeled Small-Molecule and Low-Molecular-Weight PET Tracers for the Noninvasive Detection of Cancer. In: Schober, O., Kiessling, F., Debus, J. (eds) Molecular Imaging in Oncology. Recent Results in Cancer Research, vol 216. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42618-7_8

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