Abstract
Primitive pericardial disease is a quite rare disease affecting almost 3/10,000 population per year. More often, pericardial involvement is a clinical factor associated with myocardial disease such as in myocardial infarction or myocarditis. CMR due to the intrinsic capability to characterize tissues and to obtain images in whatever spatial plane, without any physical limitation, is the ideal imaging technique to assess the presence, extension of pericardial inflammation, and its related consequences. Some morphologic features such as pericardial agenesis can be evaluated only by a technique with a large field of view and with the possibility to obtain a strong contrast between structures. For these reasons CMR is nowadays considered the first-line imaging tool to be used either in the first diagnostic phase or in the follow-up.
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6.1 Electronic Supplementary Material
SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. In the sequence a diffuse hyperintensity of the pericardial signal is evident. SSFP images, in fact, reflect the behavior of the signal as within a T2w images (AVI 117614 kb)
SSFP cine images in short-axis view. Evidence of pericardial effusion (AVI 5751 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis view. Evidence of pericardial effusion without hemodynamic relevance (AVI 6145 kb)
Real-time free-breathing SSFP cine images obtained in horizontal long-axis view. Evidence of a massive pericardial effusion without hemodynamic consequences (AVI 81 kb)
Real-time free-breathing SSFP cine images obtained in vertical long-axis view. Evidence of a massive pericardial effusion without hemodynamic consequences (AVI 813 kb)
Real-time free-breathing SSFP cine images obtained in short-axis view (midventricular section). Evidence of floating heart within a massive pericardial effusion (AVI 654 kb)
Real-time free-breathing SSFP cine images obtained in short-axis view (para-apical section). Evidence of floating heart within a massive pericardial effusion (AVI 593 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis of the heart. Evidence of reduced volumes of the ventricles. Paradoxical movement of the interventricular septum. Increased thickness of the pericardium. Massive bilateral pleural effusion (AVI 7439 kb)
SSFP cine images in vertical long axis of the heart. Evidence of reduced volumes of the ventricles (AVI 5535 kb)
SSFP cine images in short axis of the heart. Evidence of reduced volumes of the ventricles. Paradoxical movement of the interventricular septum. Increased thickness of the pericardium (AVI 5514 kb)
SSFP cine images. Vertical long axis. Thickened pericardium at the diaphragmatic level with the presence of a pathologic nodulus (AVI 117614 kb)
SSFP cine images. Horizontal long axis. Tube shape of the right ventricle. Thickened pericardium and presence of pericardial nodules. Enlarged left atrium (AVI 117614 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal oblique plane. Evidence of a small fluid-filled mass beside the ascending aorta (AVI 1107 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. Evidence of a slight pericardial effusion which shows the same signal characteristic of the pericardial diverticulum (AVI 988 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Evidence of displacement of the heart toward the left side. No evidence of the pericardium. Evidence of an indentation at the level of the right-ventricle free wall presumably due to the presence of residual pericardium (AVI 578 kb)
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Rustamova, Y., Lombardi, M. (2020). Pericardial Diseases. In: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Atlas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41830-4_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41830-4_6
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