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Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Spasm and Functional Applications of Neurotoxins in the Periocular Area:

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Oculoplastic Surgery

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Abstract

The therapeutic use of botulinum toxin (BTX) for periocular area pathologies is repeatable, safe and temporarily effective. BTX applications for the treatment of eyelid retraction , entropion , blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm, lagophthalmos due to facial paralysis, apraxia of eyelid opening and synkinetic eyelid movements and functional epiphora are reviewed.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Associate Professor of Ophthalmology, Rufus Eye Microsurgical Center, Istanbul, Turkey

    Pelin Kaynak

  2. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Nadeen El Toukhy

Authors
  1. Pelin Kaynak
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  2. Nadeen El Toukhy
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Correspondence to Nadeen El Toukhy .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Cairo University, Dokki, Cario, Egypt

    Essam A. El Toukhy

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Kaynak, P., El Toukhy, N. (2020). Blepharospasm, Hemifacial Spasm and Functional Applications of Neurotoxins in the Periocular Area:. In: El Toukhy, E. (eds) Oculoplastic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36934-7_12

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36934-7_12

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36933-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36934-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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