Abstract
Ptosis surgery for adults is one of the most commonly performed procedures by Oculoplastic surgeons. A detailed preoperative history and clinical evaluation are crucial for determining the cause of ptosis and the best procedure for the individual patient. Ptosis surgery can be broadly classified according to whether it is targeting the posterior upper lid retractor (Müller’s muscle), anterior upper lid retractor (levator aponeurosis) or the brow (frontalis muscle). Each procedure has its distinct advantages and own set of complications. A thorough knowledge of the steps and nuances of each procedure will enable the surgeon to better use them for the right patients and optimize surgical outcomes.
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Kim, YD., Young, S.M. (2020). Adult Ptosis. In: El Toukhy, E. (eds) Oculoplastic Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36934-7_11
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36934-7_11
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