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Private International Law Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility

Part of the book series: Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law ((GSCL,volume 42))

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Abstract

This report provides an overview on private international law rules of the Republic of Kazakhstan bearing on the issue of corporate social responsibility (SCR). It sets forth the requirements on observance certain rights and freedoms by, among other, corporate actors subject to Kazakhstan’s jurisdiction. It further defines the concept of SCR as understood by the industry in Kazakhstan and describes actions taken by Kazakhstan as a Member State of the United Nations. It draws upon the rules pertaining to the law of contract, torts, company law, and state mandatory public policy to complete characterization of SCR. Finally, it sets forth judicial and enforcement jurisdiction of relevant Kazakhstan’s courts.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Konstitutsiǐa Respubliki Kazakhstan (Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 30 August 1995, Arts. 12–23. All laws and regulations, unless stated otherwise, are cited from the Kazakhstani online legal database <online.zakon.kz>.

  2. 2.

    Ibid., Art. 24.

  3. 3.

    Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan o Nalogakh i Drugikh Obiazatelnykh Pratezhakh v Biudzhet (Tax Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 10 December 2008 No 99-IV, as amended.

  4. 4.

    Ibid., Art. 133.

  5. 5.

    Ibid., Art. 253.

  6. 6.

    Ibid., Art. 254.

  7. 7.

    Ibid., Art. 107.

  8. 8.

    Ibid., Art. 112.

  9. 9.

    Trudovoǐ Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan (Labor Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 23 November 2015 No 414-V, as amended.

  10. 10.

    Ekologicheskiǐ Kodeks Republiki Kazakhstan (Ecological Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 9 January 2017 No 212-III, as amended.

  11. 11.

    E.g., Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan “O Chastnom Predprinimatel’stve” (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Private Enterprise”), “O Konkurentsii” (“On Competition”), “O Nedrakh i Nedropol’zovanii” (“On Subsoil and Subsoil Use”), “Ob Aktsionernykh Obshestvakh” (“On Joint Stock Companies”), “O Tovarishchestvakh s Ogranichennoǐ i Dopolnitel’noǐ Otvetstvennost’iu” (“On Partnerships with Limited and Additional Liability”), etc.

  12. 12.

    Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan “O Chastnom Predprinimatel’stve” (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On Private Enterprise”), Arts. 1, 8.

  13. 13.

    “Sotsial’naia Otvetstvennost. Trebovaniia” (“Social Accountability”) СТ РК 1352-2012 (SA 8000:2008, Mod).

  14. 14.

    “Sistemy Menedzhmenta Professional’noǐ Bezopasnosti i Okhrany Truda. Trebovaniia” (“Systems of Management of Professional Security and Protection of Labor”) СТ РК OHSAS 18001:2008, Mod).

  15. 15.

    СТ РК ИСО 26000-2011.

  16. 16.

    СТ РК ИСО 26000-2011.

  17. 17.

    NCE, “NPP RK Prezentovala Proekt Natsional’noi Kontseptsii KSO Biznesa” (“NCE Presented Draft National Framework for CSR of Businesses”), Press release, 28 April 2014, <http://atameken.kz/ru/news/4114-4114>.

  18. 18.

    K Kabatova, “KSO po Kazakhstanski: GosOrgany, Biznes i Grazhdanskiǐ Sektor kak Kliuchevye Uchastniki Postroeniia Sistemnogo Podhoda k KSO” (“CSR in Kazakhstan: State Bodies, Business and Civil Sector as Key Participants for Developing a Systematic Approach to CSR”), Report for the Program for Young Researchers in the field of public policy, Soros Fund Kazakhstan, 2016, p. 28.

  19. 19.

    Ibid.

  20. 20.

    KazInform, “Kazakhstan Stal Assotsiirovannym Chlenom Komiteta po Investitsiiam OESR” (“Kazakhstan Became an Associated Member of the OECD Investment Committee”) 21 June 2017, <https://kapital.kz/economic/60830/kazahstan-stal-associirovannym-chlenom-komiteta-po-investiciyam-oesr.html>; OECD, “Kazakhstan Signs OECD Agreement to Strengthen Investment Climate and Promote Responsible Business”, 20 June 2017, <http://www.oecd.org/daf/inv/investment-policy/kazakhstan-signs-oecd-agreement-to-strengthen-investment-climate.htm>.

  21. 21.

    Ibid; MID, “Otvetsvennoe Vedenie Biznesa i Rukovodiashchie Pritsipy OESR dlia Mnogonatsional’nykh Predpriiatiǐ” (“Responsible Business Practices and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Companies”) <https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/Russian-Agenda-2016-Workshop-Responsible-Business-Conduct-Kazakhstan.pdf>.

  22. 22.

    OHCHR, <http://www.ohchr.org/EN/Issues/Business/Pages/NationalActionPlans.aspx>, accessed 8/17/2017; Business & Human Rights Resource Centre, “National Action Plans” <https://business-humanrights.org/en/un-guiding-principles/implementation-tools-examples/implementation-by-governments/by-type-of-initiative/national-action-plans>; The Danish Institute for Human Rights, “NAPS on Business and Human Rights”, 23 June 2015, <http://humanrightsinbusiness.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Tilburg-NAPs-PPT.pdf>.

  23. 23.

    Legal Policy Research Center, <http://lprc.kz/en/events/international_conference_implementing_the_un_guiding_principles_on_business_and_human_rights_in_kazakhstan_strategic_view_and_action_plan-28.html>, 19 December 2014.

  24. 24.

    Interview with T Zinovich, Executive Director of LPRC, “Biznes i Prava Cheloveka. Kak Vnedrit’ i Razvivat’ KSO v Kazakhstane?” (“Business and Human Rights. How to Introduce and Develop CSR in Kazakhstan?”) <https://i-news.kz/news/2017/06/22/8537185-biznes_i_prava_cheloveka_kak_vnedrit_i_r.html>.

  25. 25.

    Legal Policy Research Center, “Projects” 2016 <http://lprc.kz/en/projects>.

  26. 26.

    One source reports 584 companies taking part in the competition to obtain the national award “Paryz” in 2014; see Smirnova (2015), pp. 121–122.

  27. 27.

    LPRC, Projects, note 26 above.

  28. 28.

    NCE, “NPP RK Prezentovala Proekt Natsional’noi Kontseptsii KSO Biznesa” (“NCE Presented Draft National Framework for CSR of Businesses”), Press-release, 28 April 2014, <http://atameken.kz/ru/news/4114-4114>.

  29. 29.

    Center of Research Sange (Kazakhstan), “Korporativnaia Sotsial’naia Otvetstvennost’ v Kazakhstane: Situatsiia, Problemy i Perspektivy Razvitiia” (“CSR in Kazakhstan: Status Quo, Problems and Perspectives for Development”) Astana, 2013.

  30. 30.

    L Pascal, “Corporate Social Responsibility in Kazakhstan” Norvegia.kz White Paper (2012) <http://www.norvegia.kz/Global/SiteFolders/webast/White%20Paper%20on%20CSR%20April%202012.pdf>.

  31. 31.

    Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan ob Aktsionernykh Obshchestvakh (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Joint Stock Companies) of 13 May 2003 No 415-II, as amended (hereinafter, the JSC Law).

  32. 32.

    Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan o Tovarishchestvakh s Ogranichennoǐ i Dopolnitel’noǐ Otvetstvennost’iu (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Partnerships with Limited and Additional Liability) of 22 April 1998 No 220-I, as amended (hereinafter, the LLP Law).

  33. 33.

    Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan ob Obiazatel’nom Meditsinskom Strakhovanii (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Mandatory Medical Insurance) of 16 November 2015 No 405-V, as amended.

  34. 34.

    Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan o Zdorov’e Naroda i Sisteme Zdravookhraneniia (Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Health of the People and the Healthcare System) of 18 September 2009 No 193-IV, as amended.

  35. 35.

    JSC Law, Art. 53.

  36. 36.

    JSC Law, Art. 53-1.

  37. 37.

    JSC Law, Section 8.

  38. 38.

    LLP Law, Art. 53.

  39. 39.

    LLP Law, Art. 59.

  40. 40.

    LLP Law, Art. 60.

  41. 41.

    Klimkin (2013).

  42. 42.

    Grazhdanskiǐ Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan (Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 1 July 1999 No 409-I (hereinafter, GK), Osobennaia Chast’ (Special Part).

  43. 43.

    Zakon Respubliki Kazakhstan o Nedrakh i Nedropol’zovanii (Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Subsoil and Subsoil Use) of 24 June 2010 No 291-IV, as amended.

  44. 44.

    Ibid., Art. 76.

  45. 45.

    Labor Code, Art. 14.

  46. 46.

    Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan ob Administrativnykh Provonarusheniiakh (Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan on Administrative Violations) of 5 July 2014 No 235-V, as amended.

  47. 47.

    Ugolovnyi Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan (Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 3 July 2014 No 226-V, as amended, Arts. 152, 153.

  48. 48.

    Tukulov and Konysbayev (2015), pp. 125, 129.

  49. 49.

    Grazhdanskiǐ Protsessualnyǐ Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan (Code of Civil Procedure of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 31 October 2015 No 377-V (hereinafter, GPK), Art. 466(1-10).

  50. 50.

    GPK, Art. 467(1-10).

  51. 51.

    GPK, Art. 29.

  52. 52.

    GPK, Art. 30(12).

  53. 53.

    GPK, Art. 30(2).

  54. 54.

    GPK, Art. 30(3).

  55. 55.

    GPK, Art. 30(6).

  56. 56.

    GPK, Art. 30(5).

  57. 57.

    GPK, Art. 31.

  58. 58.

    GPK, Art. 468 and 32.

  59. 59.

    GPK, Art. 33.

  60. 60.

    Grazhdanskiǐ Kodeks Respubliki Kazakhstan (Civil Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan) of 1 July 1999 No 409-I (GK), Art. 1100.

  61. 61.

    GK, Art. 1112(1).

  62. 62.

    GK, Art. 1113(1)(1-15).

  63. 63.

    GK, Art. 1113(2).

  64. 64.

    GK, Art. 1113(3).

  65. 65.

    GK, Art. 1113(3).

  66. 66.

    GK, Art. 1113(4).

  67. 67.

    GK, Art. 1113(6).

  68. 68.

    GK, Art. 1117(1).

  69. 69.

    GK, Art. 1117(2).

  70. 70.

    GK, Art. 1117(3).

  71. 71.

    GK, Art. 1119(1).

  72. 72.

    GK, Art. 953.

  73. 73.

    GK, Art. 1118.

  74. 74.

    GPK, Art. 501(1).

  75. 75.

    GPK, Art. 501(2).

  76. 76.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Azerbaijan on legal assistance and legal relations in civil matters, 10 June 1997, Almaty.

  77. 77.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the People’s Republic of China on mutual legal assistance in civil matters, 14 January 1993, Beijing.

  78. 78.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Georgia on mutual legal assistance in civil matters, 17 September 1996, Tbilisi.

  79. 79.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of India on legal assistance in civil matters, 16 April 2011, Astana.

  80. 80.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Kyrgyzstan on mutual legal assistance in civil and criminal matters, 26 August 1996, Almaty.

  81. 81.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Lithuania on mutual legal assistance in civil, family and criminal matters, 9 August 1994, Vilnius.

  82. 82.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Mongolia on mutual legal assistance in civil and criminal matters, 22 October 1993, Ulaanbaatar.

  83. 83.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea on mutual legal assistance in civil and criminal matters, 7 April 1997, Pyongyang.

  84. 84.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan on mutual legal assistance in civil, family, and criminal matters, 23 August 1995, Almaty.

  85. 85.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Turkey on legal assistance in civil matters, 13 June 1995, Almaty.

  86. 86.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Arab Emirates on mutual legal assistance in civil and commercial matters, 16 March 2009, Abu Dhabi.

  87. 87.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Republic of Uzbekistan on legal assistance and legal relations in civil, family, and criminal matters, 2 July 1997, Almaty.

  88. 88.

    Agreement between the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam on mutual legal assistance in civil matters, 31 October 2011, Hanoi.

  89. 89.

    In particular, the GPK and the Law on the Enforcement Procedure and the Status of Officers of the Court.

  90. 90.

    Konventsiia o Pravovoĭ Pomoshchi i Pravovykh Otnosheniiakh po Grazhdanskim, Semeĭnym i Ugolovnym Delam [Convention on Legal Assistance and Legal Relations in Civil, Family, and Criminal Matters], 22 January 1993, Minsk, amended by Protocol, 28 March 1997, Kishinev.

  91. 91.

    Soglashenie o Poriadke Razresheniia Sporov, Sviazannykh s Osushestvleniem Khoziaĭstvennoĭ Deiatelnosti [Agreement of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) on the Procedure for Resolving Disputes Related to Commercial Matters], 20 March 1992, Kiev.

  92. 92.

    Soglashenie o Poryadke Vzaimnogo Ispolneniia Resheniĭ Arbitrazhnykh, Khozyaĭstvennykh i Ekonomicheskikh Sudov na Territoriiakh Gosudarstv-Uchastnikov Sodruzhestva [Agreement on the Order of Mutual Enforcement of Judgments of Arbitrazh, Commercial and Economic Courts on the Territory of the CIS Member States], 6 March 1998, Moscow.

References

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Orrick, Herrington & Sutcliffe LLP, Washington, DC, USA

    Milana Karayanidi

  2. U.S. State Department, Washington, DC, USA

    Steven Comerford

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Correspondence to Milana Karayanidi .

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  1. Université Panthéon-Assas Paris II, Paris, France

    Catherine Kessedjian

  2. School of Law, University of Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico

    Humberto Cantú Rivera

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Karayanidi, M., Comerford, S. (2020). Kazakhstan. In: Kessedjian, C., Cantú Rivera, H. (eds) Private International Law Aspects of Corporate Social Responsibility. Ius Comparatum - Global Studies in Comparative Law, vol 42. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35187-8_14

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