Abstract
From the contemporary perspective, the human organism should be viewed as the most complex “superorganism”, a symbiotic community of eukaryotic, prokaryotic cells including archaebacteria, and viruses (Ugolev 1991, Lederberg 2000). The microbial component of this community is represented by the aggregate of sets of microbiocenoses characterized by a definite composition and occupying the respective biotope in the human organism which is open to the environment (skin, nasopharynx, mouth cavity, respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, genitourinary system mucosa). In any microbiocenosis one can distinguish widespread species, the so-called characteristic or dominating (core) species (autochthonous, indigenous symbiotic microbiota) and additional or accidental species (transitory allochthonous microbiota). The number of characteristic species is relatively not too big, but to make up for it, they are always well-represented. The “metagenome” of this “superorganism” consists of the Homo sapiens genes proper and the genes of microorganisms colonizing human body. The genome of every human being is quite stable (except for the changes in genes related to the immune system, the metabolism of various dietary substrates or xenobiotic destruction, neoplasms); the microbiome, on the other hand, undergoes rather profound changes in the course of a lifetime (Gilbert et al. 2016).
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Shenderov, B.A., Sinitsa, A.V., Zakharchenko, M.M., Lang, C. (2020). The Composition and Functions of Human Gut Symbiotic Microbiota. In: METABIOTICS. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34167-1_2
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