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Archaeological Tourism From the Great War to the End of World War II

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A History of Archaeological Tourism

Part of the book series: SpringerBriefs in Archaeology ((BRIEFSARCHHERIT))

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Abstract

This chapter analyses the development of archaeological tourism between the First and the Second World Wars. These years were marked by the apogee of nationalism, the rise in right-wing populism and the establishment of state and international institutions to manage it. The use of the car and bicycle and the appearance of the first commercial flights, together with more generous regulations related to paid vacations, made it easier visiting archaeological sites. The state played a major role: the growing awareness of the economic potential of tourism led states to channel funding towards those sites that were going to be opened to the public. States also took a more active role in the development of tourism’s infrastructure: publication of guidebooks, creation of hotels, preparing sites for tourism with the installation of fences, the imposition of entrance fees and the promotion of staged authenticity. Developments in Europe were closely followed by those in colonial North Africa, whereas Egypt experienced a new wave of Egyptomania after the discovery of Tutankhamen’s tomb in 1922. On the list ever increasing number of countries attracting archaeological tourists Jordan, Japan, Japanese-occupied Korea and French Indochina should be mentioned in Asia. In America, in addition to Peru, there was a growth of tourists in Mexico who now timidly, for the first time, attempted to reach the Yucatán Peninsula. The chapter finishes explaining the influence of politics in the type of archaeological tourism developed both in Italy and in Germany under their respective right-wing dictatorial regimes.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    1917 is the year in which there is a first record of a school visit to Ampurias of children from the secondary school of the nearby town of Gerona, preceding in ten years that recorded in Carmona (Sevilla). The first recorded visit to the Roman burial site of Carmona, already opened to visitors in 1885, took place in 1928, this type of visits becoming common in the 1930s (Rodríguez Temiño et al. 2015: 277).

  2. 2.

    Tourism to the Alhambra has also been the focus of a few studies (Cruces 1999; Méndez Rodríguez et al. 2010; Sougez et al. 2002). However the role of archaeology in it is more ambiguous, for funding was undertaken to restore and recreate the monument, but not to properly excavate its archaeological remains. Regarding visitor numbers, the Alhambra passed from having 10,000 visitors in the 1910s to 47,000 in 1929 (Méndez Rodríguez et al. 2010: 225). The site had been open to the public in 1909 and a funicular was built to facilitate access (Méndez Rodríguez et al. 2010: 225).

  3. 3.

    Tourists also visited other archaeological sites in England. One of them was Maiden Castle where postcards, interim scientific reports and unimportant archaeological material were being sold to tourists in the 1920s (Carr 2012: 229–230).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ICREA (Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Margarita Díaz-Andreu

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  1. Margarita Díaz-Andreu
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Díaz-Andreu, M. (2019). Archaeological Tourism From the Great War to the End of World War II. In: A History of Archaeological Tourism. SpringerBriefs in Archaeology(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32077-5_5

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