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MicroRNAs and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

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Molecular Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of short, noncoding RNAs that act as posttranscriptional regulators of gene expression. Being implicated in numerous physiologic processes, miRNAs are believed to play a critical role in the etiology of a variety of diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the course of this chapter, we elaborate on the pivotal role of miRNAs in regard to the development of innate and adaptive immune cells as well as their response to inflammatory signals. Furthermore, we summarize current knowledge on miRNAs as modulators of intestinal homeostasis and autophagy as well as regulators of epithelial barrier integrity. In recent past, miRNAs emerged as a new class of putative biomarkers detectable in a wide range of tissues and body fluids. We review current studies on miRNAs and report estimates for their clinical utility, suggesting these molecules being competitive or even superior to traditional serological IBD biomarkers.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to express our gratitude to Dirk Baumjohann for reviewing the draft. His additions and revisions improved the manuscript considerably. Furthermore, we want to thank Tine Pape for her assistance in designing the figures generated for this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Matthias Hübenthal, Andre Franke, Simone Lipinski & Simonas Juzėnas

  2. Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergy, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Matthias Hübenthal

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Correspondence to Simonas Juzėnas .

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  1. Gastroenterology unit, Patient Area Gastroenterology, Dermatovenereology and Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden

    Charlotte Hedin

  2. Montreal Heart Institute and Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada

    John D. Rioux

  3. School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia

    Mauro D'Amato

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Hübenthal, M., Franke, A., Lipinski, S., Juzėnas, S. (2019). MicroRNAs and Inflammatory Bowel Disease. In: Hedin, C., Rioux, J., D'Amato, M. (eds) Molecular Genetics of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28703-0_10

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