Abstract
Solubility of hydroxyapatite in aqueous solutions and artificial blood serum was studied at 37 ℃. The obtained results demonstrate non-monotonous changes of the concentration of calcium ions in solution over time: the respective curves contain a maximum. This may be evidence in favor that dissolution of hydroxyapatite is an incongruent process. It was shown that equilibrium can be achieved in three weeks. The logarithm of activity of calcium ions exhibits a direct relation on the pH. Results of the determination of the chemical composition of solid phase obtained by XPS, EDX and ICP-OES methods confirm the incongruent nature of hydroxyapatite dissolution. In this study, we have performed a modeling of the chemical and phase equilibria in solution that served as a prototype of the blood serum with application to calcification of tissues. The concentrations of molecular–ionic forms containing calcium and hydrogen cations and phosphate anions were calculated, and the nonideality of the solutions was accounted for by the Debye–Hückel theory. The calculated degrees of salt supersaturation of different phosphates, which tend to crystallize in blood serum, demonstrate that hydroxyapatite is the most supersaturated phosphate at any values of calcium and phosphorus overall concentrations.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Avnimele Y, Moreno EC, Brown WE (1973) Solubility and surface properties of finely divided hydroxyapatite. J Res Natl Bur Stand Sect A-Phys Chem A 77(1):149–155. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.077A.008
Bakker E, Bühlmann P, Pretsch E (1997) Carrier-based ion-selective electrodes and bulk optodes. 1. General characteristics. Chem Rev 97(8):3083–3132. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr940394a
Bell LC, Mika H, Kruger BJ (1978) Synthetic hydroxyapatite solubility product and stoichiometry of dissolution. Arch Oral Biol 23(5):329–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(78)90089-4
Chuong R (2016) Experimental Study of Surface and Lattice Effects on the Solubility of Hydroxyapatite. J Dent Res 52(5):911–914
Dorozhkin SV (2002) A review on the dissolution models of calcium apatites. Prog Cryst Growth Charact Mater 44(1):45–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0960-8974(02)00004-9
Dorozhkin SV (2017a) Hydroxyapatite and other calcium orthophosphates: general information and history. Hydroxyapatite and other calcium orthophosphates: general information and history. Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York
Dorozhkin SV (2017b) A history of calcium orthophosphates (CaPO4) and their biomedical applications. Morphologie 101(334):143–153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2017.05.001
Dvorak J, Koryta J, Bohackova V (1975) Elektrochemie. Academia, Praha
Eidelman N, Chow LC, Brown WE (1987) Calcium-phosphate phase-transformations in serum. Calcif Tissue Int 41(1):18–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02555126
Glinkina IV, Durov VA, Mel’nitchenko GA (2004) Modelling of electrolyte mixtures with application to chemical equilibria in mixtures—prototypes of blood’s plasma and calcification of soft tissues. J Mol Liq 110(1–3):63–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7322(03)00233-2
Golovanova OA (2018) Thermodynamic modeling of poorly soluble compounds formation in biological fluid. J Therm Anal Calorim 133(2):1219–1224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-018-7369-6
Hay DI, Schluckebier SK, Moreno EC (1982) Equilibrium dialysis and ultrafiltration studies of calcium and phosphate binding by human salivary proteins—implications for salivary supersaturation with respect to calcium-phosphate salts. Calcif Tissue Int 34(6):531–538. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02411299
Kaufman HW, Kleinberg I (1979) Studies on the incongruent solubility of hydroxyapatite. Calcif Tissue Int 27(2):143–151. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02441177
Levinskas GJ, Neuman WF (1955) The solubility of bone mineral. 1. Solubility studies of synthetic hydroxylapatite. J Phys Chem 59(2):164–168. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150524a017
Mahapatra PP, Mishra H, Chickerur NS (1982) Solubility and thermodynamic data of cadmium hydroxyapatite in aqueous media. Thermochim Acta 54(1–2):1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0040-6031(82)85059-4
McDowell H, Gregory TM, Brown WE (1977) Solubility of Ca5(PO4)3OH in system Ca(OH)2–H3PO4–H2O at 5, 15, 25 and 37 ℃. J Res Natl Bur Stand Sect A-Phys Chem A 81(2–3):273–281. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.081A.017
Mikhelson KN (2013) Ion-selective electrodes, vol 81. Lecture notes in chemistry. Springer, Heidelberg-New York-Dordrecht-London
Mikhelson KN, Bobacka J, Lewenstam A, Ivaska A (2001) Potentiometric performance and interfacial kinetics of neutral lonophore based ISE membranes in interfering ion solutions before and after contact with primary ions. Electroanalysis 13(10):876–881. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200106)13:10%3c876:aid-elan876%3e3.0.co;2-%23
Nägele M, Mi Y, Bakker E, Pretsch E (1998) Influence of lipophilic inert electrolytes on the selectivity of polymer membrane electrodes. Anal Chem 70(9):1686–1691. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac970903j
Pan HB, Darvell BW (2009) Calcium phosphate solubility: the need for re-evaluation. Cryst Growth Des 9(2):639–645
Rootare HM, Deitz VR, Carpenter FG (1962) Solubility product phenomena in hydroxyapatite-water systems. J Colloid Sci 17(3):179–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0095-8522(62)90035-1
Sillen LG, Martell AE (eds) (1964) Stability constants of metal-ion complexes, 2nd edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Vázquez M, Mikhelson K, Piepponen S, Räinö J, Sillanpää M, Ivaska A, Lewenstam A, Bobacka J (2001) Determination of Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Cl− ions in wood pulp suspension using ion-selective electrodes. Electroanalysis 13(13):1119–1124. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4109(200109)13:13%3c1119:aid-elan1119%3e3.0.co;2-m
Verbeeck RMH, Thun HP, Driessens FCM (1980) Effect of dehydration of hydroxyapatite on its solubility behaviour. Z Phys Chem 119(1):79–84. https://doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1980.119.1.079
Wier DR, Chien SH, Black CA (1971) Solubility of hydroxyapatite. Soil Sci 111(2):107. https://doi.org/10.1097/00010694-197102000-00005
Acknowledgements
The instrumental investigations have been performed at the Research Resource Centers of St. Petersburg State University: Center for Geo-Environmental Research and Modelling (GEOMODEL), Chemical Analysis and Materials Research Center, Center for Physical Methods of Surface Investigation.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kuranov, G., Mikhelson, K., Puzyk, A. (2020). Solubility of Hydroxyapatite as a Function of Solution Composition (Experiment and Modeling). In: Frank-Kamenetskaya, O., Vlasov, D., Panova, E., Lessovaia, S. (eds) Processes and Phenomena on the Boundary Between Biogenic and Abiogenic Nature. Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21614-6_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21614-6_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-21613-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-21614-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)