Abstract
In this chapter we discuss the efforts to redefine the unit of mass, the kilogram, and to develop a standard adequate to the new definition. The kilogram is redefined in relation to Planck’s constant. The work in progress discussed in this chapter aims to determine Planck’s constant by means of the watt balance and the Avogadro constant by counting the number of atoms in a mass standard of monocrystalline silicon 28Si (XRCD method). For the new definition, adopted in 2018, the uncertainty of the results of measurements performed by three different teams should be better than 5 × 10−8 and the results obtained by different methods should agree. Apart from the two methods mentioned above, we discuss the development of a mass standard based on the accumulation of heavy metal ions of gold (197Au) and bismuth (209Bi).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
9th Edition of the SI Brochure (Draft) (2019). https://www.bipm.org/en
P. Becker, M. Gläser, Avogadro constant and ion accumulation: steps towards a redefinition of the SI unit of mass. Meas. Sci. Technol. 14, 1249–1258 (2003)
V. Bego, J. Butorac, D. Ilić, Realisation of the kilogram by measuring at 100 kV with the voltage balance ETF. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 48, 212–215 (1999)
U. Bonse, M. Hart, An X-ray interferometer. Appl. Phys. Lett. 6, 155–156 (1965)
Y. Fujii, Y. Miki, F. Shiota, T. Morokuma, Mechanism for levitated superconductor experiment. IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 50, 580–582 (2001)
Y. Fujii et al., Realization of the kilogram by the XRCD method. Metrologia 53, A19–A45 (2016)
B.P. Kibble, I.A. Robinson, Replacing the kilogram. Meas. Sci. Technol. 14, 1243–1248 (2003)
A.J. Leistner, W.J. Giardini, Fabrication and sphericity measurements of single-crystal silicon sphere. Metrologia 31, 231–234 (1995)
M.I. Mills, P.J. Mohr, T.J. Quinn, B.N. Taylor, E.R. Williams, Redefinition of the kilogram: a decision whose time has come. Metrologia 42, 71–80 (2005)
M.I. Mills, P.J. Mohr, T.J. Quinn, B.N. Taylor, E.R. Williams, Redefinition of the kilogram, ampere, kelvin and mole: a proposed approach to implementing CIPM recommendation 1. Metrologia 43, 227–246 (2006)
P.J. Mohr, B.N. Taylor, CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2002. Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 1–106 (2005)
D.B. Newell et al., The CODATA 2017 values of, h, e, k, and Na for the revision of the SI. Metrologia 55, L13–L15 (2018)
C.A. Sanchez, B.M. Wood, R.G. Green, D. Inglis, A determination of Planck’s constant using the NRC watt balance. Metrologia 51, S15–S14 (2014)
M. Stock, The watt balance: determination of the Planck constant and redefinition of the kilogram. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 369, 3936–3953 (2011)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Nawrocki, W. (2019). New Standards of Mass. In: Introduction to Quantum Metrology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19677-6_13
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19677-6_13
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19676-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19677-6
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)