Abstract
Myocardial contractility—often referred to as inotropy—is the inherent capacity of the myocardium to contract independent of loading conditions, that is, preload and afterload (discussed in Chaps. 1 and 2, respectively). Thus, for a given preload and afterload, contractility is a manifestation of all other factors that influence the interactions between contractile proteins. The incorporation of all these factors makes a simple definition of “contractility” difficult, and it is more easily understood through discussions of changes in contractility. Clinically, a change in left ventricular contractility can be defined as a change in the work performed per beat at a constant end-diastolic volume and aortic pressure.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Berne RM, Levy MN. Physiology. 5th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2004.
Berne RM, Levy MN. Physiology. 4th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 1998.
Mohrman DE, Heller LJ. Cardiovascular physiology. 6th ed. London: McGraw-Hill; 2006.
Berne RM, Levy MN. Cardiovascular physiology. 8th ed. St. Louis: Mosby; 2001.
Gorcsan J III, Tanaka H. Echocardiographic assessment of myocardial strain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1401–13.
von Anrep G. On the part played by the suprarenals in the normal vascular reactions of the body. J Physiol. 1912;45:307.
Bowditch HP. Uber die Eigenthiimlichkeiten der Reizbarkeit, welche die Muskelfasern des Herzens zeigen. Ber Sachs Ges Wiss. 1871;23:652–89.
Leidtke AJ. Alterations of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the acutely ischemic heart. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1981;23:321–36.
Young LH, et al. Regulation of myocardial glucose uptake and transport during ischemia and energetic stress. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:25H–30.
Stanley WC. Myocardial energy metabolism during ischemia and the mechanisms of metabolic therapies. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther. 2004;9:S31–45.
Fabiato A, et al. Effects of pH on the myofilaments and the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skinned cells from cardiac and skeletal muscles. J Physiol. 1978;276:233–55.
Murphy E, et al. Amiloride delays the ischemia-induced rise in cytosolic free calcium. Circ Res. 1991;68:1250–8.
Hasenfuss G, et al. Calcium cycling in congestive heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2002;34:951–69.
Houser SR, et al. Is depressed myocyte contractility centrally involved in heart failure? Circ Res. 2003;92:350–8.
Mann DL. Basic mechanisms of disease progression in the failing heart: the role of excessive adrenergic drive. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1998;41:1–8.
Bristow MR. Beta-adrenergic receptor blockade in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 2000;101:558.
Alpert NR, et al. The failing human heart. Cardiovasc Res. 2002;54:1–10.
Bristow MR. The adrenergic nervous system in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1984;311:850–1.
Houser SR, et al. Functional properties of failing human ventricular myocytes. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2000;10:101–7.
Beuckelmann DJ, et al. Altered diastolic [Ca2+]i handling in human ventricular myocytes from patients with terminal heart failure. Am Heart J. 1995;129:684–9.
Opie LH. Drugs for the heart. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier; 2009.
Marino PL. ICU book. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007.
Suggested Reading
Darovic GO. Hemodynamic monitoring: invasive and noninvasive clinical application. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2002.
Kern MJ. Hemodynamic rounds: interpretation of cardiac pathophysiology from waveform analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss; 1999.
Ragosta M. Textbook of clinical hemodynamics. Philadelphia: Saunders; 2008.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Thomas, J.S., Dunn, J.M. (2019). Contractility. In: Askari, A., Messerli, A. (eds) Cardiovascular Hemodynamics. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19131-3_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19131-3_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-19130-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-19131-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)