Abstract
In the areas of Computer Science and Telecommunications there is a huge amount of applications in which error control, error detection and error correction are crucial tools to enable reliable delivery of digital data over unreliable communication, thus providing quality of service. Hadamard matrices can almost directly be used as an error-correcting code using an Hadamard code, generalized in Reed-Muller codes. Advances in algebraic design theory by using deep connections with algebra, finite geometry, number theory, combinatorics and optimization provided a substantial progress on exploring Hadamard matrices. Their construction and its use on combinatorics are crucial nowadays in diverse fields such as: quantum information, communications, networking, cryptography, biometry and security. Hadamard matrices give rise to a class of block designs named Hadamard configurations and different applications of it based on new technologies and codes of figures such as QR Codes are present almost everywhere. Some connections to Balanced Incomplete Block Designs are very well known as a tool to solve emerging problems in these areas. We will explore the use of Hadamard matrices on QR Codes error detection and correction. Some examples will be provided.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
Jacques Hadamard (1865–1963).
References
Baumert, L. D., Golomb, S. W., & Hall, Jr., M. (1962). Discovery of an Hadamard matrix of order 92. Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society, 68(3), 237–238.
Caliński, T., & Kageyama, S. (2000). Block designs: A randomization approach. Vol. I: Analysis. Lecture Notes in Statistics (p. 150). Berlin: Springer.
Caliński, T., & Kageyama, S. (2003). Block designs: A randomization approach. Vol. II: Design. Lecture Notes in Statistics (p. 170). Berlin: Springer.
Cameron, P. J. (2006). Hadamard matrices in The Encyclopaedia of Design Theory at http://www.maths.qmul.ac.uk/~leonard/designtheory.org/library/encyc/.
Din S. U., & Mavron V. C. (1984). On designs constructed from Hadamard matrices. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 49, 274–288.
Francisco, C. (2014). Experimental Design in Incomplete Blocks: Particular Case Studies. Master Thesis. Open University. Lisbon. Portugal.
Gonçalves, R. M. P. (2015). Handwritten signature authentication using motion detection and QRCodes. Master Thesis on Computers Sciences. Porto University.
Hall, Jr, M. (1986). Combinatorial theory, 2nd edn. New York: Wiley.
Hedayat, A., & Wallis, W. D. (1978). Hadamard matrices and their applications. Annals of Statistics, 6(6), 1184–1238.
Jain, A., Hong, L., & Pankanti, S. (2000). Biometric identification. Communications of the ACM, 43(2), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1145/328236.328110
Koukouvinos C., Simos, D. E., & Varbanov, Z. (2011). Hadamard matrices, designs and the secret- sharing schemes. CAI11 Proceedings of the forth International Conference on Algebraic Informatics, 216–229.
Lakshmanaswamy, K., Das Gupta, D., Toppo N. S., & Senapati, B. (2014). Multi-layered security by embedding biometrics in quick response (QR) codes. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 3(4). e-ISSN: 2278-0181.
Mitrouli, M. (2014). Sylvester Hadamard matrices revisited. Special Matrices, 2, 120–124.
Muller, D. E. (1954). Application of boolean algebra to switching circuit design and to error detection. IRE Transactions on Electronic Computers, 3, 6–12.
Ogata, W., Kurosawa, K., Stinson, D., & Saido H. (2004). New combinatorial designs and their applications to authentication codes and secret sharing schemes. Discrete Mathematics, 279, 383–405
Oliveira, T. A. (2010). Planos em Blocos Incompletos Equilibrados e Parcialmente Equilibrados (BIB e PBIB Designs): Na fronteira entre a Estatística e a Matemática, Actas da ENSPM 2010, 8–10 Julho de 2010, Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão, Instituto Politécnico de Leiria.
Oliveira, T. A. (2011). Exploring the links between the BIBD and PBIBD and mathematics. In D. Hampel, J. Hartmann & J. Michálek (Eds.) Biometric Methods and Models in Current Science and Research. Proceedings of XIXth. Summer School of Biometrics 6-10.9.2010. Faculty of Horticulture of Mendel University, Lednice, República Checa (pp. 183–194) Brno: Central Institute of Supervising and Testing in Agriculture.
Plackett, R. L., & Burman, J. P. (1946). The design of optimum multifactorial experiments. Biometrika, 33(4), 305–325.
Raghvarao, D. (1971). Constructions and combinatorial problems in design of experiments. New York: Wiley.
Reed, I. S. (1954). A class of multiple-error-correcting codes and the decoding scheme. Transactions of the IRE Professional Group on Information Theory, 4, 38–49.
Reed, I. S., & Solomon, G. (1960). Polynomial codes over certain finite fields. Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, 8(2), 300–304.
Salaiwarakul, A. (2010). Verification of secure biometric authentication protocols. Ph.D. thesis. Birmingham: University of Birmingham.
Sawade, K. (1985). A Hadamard matrix of order-268. Graphs Combinatorics, 1, 185–187.
Seberry, J. (2012). Hadamard matrices. University of Wollongong.
Stinson, D. R. (2004). Combinatorial designs – constructions and analysis. Berlin: Springer.
Sylvester, J. J. (1867). Thoughts on inverse orthogonal matrices, simultaneous sign successions, and tessellated pavements in two or more colours, with applications to Newton’s rule, ornamental tile-work, and the theory of numbers. Philosophical Magazine, 34, 461–475.
Wicker, S. B., Bhargava, V. K. (1999). Reed-Solomon codes and their applications. Hoboken: Wiley-IEEE Press. ISBN: 978-0-7803-5391-6.
Yates, F. (1936). Incomplete randomized blocks. Annals of Eugenics, 7, 121–140.
Acknowledgements
This research was partially sponsored by national funds through the FCT—Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal—FCT under the project PEst-OE/MAT/UI0006/2013 (CEAUL).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Francisco, C., Oliveira, T.A., Oliveira, A., Carvalho, F. (2019). Hadamard Matrices on Error Detection and Correction: Useful Links to BIBD. In: Ahmed, S., Carvalho, F., Puntanen, S. (eds) Matrices, Statistics and Big Data. IWMS 2016. Contributions to Statistics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17519-1_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17519-1_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-17518-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-17519-1
eBook Packages: Mathematics and StatisticsMathematics and Statistics (R0)