Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Early Life from the Proterozoic Sedimentary Basins of India

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Geodynamics of the Indian Plate

Part of the book series: Springer Geology ((SPRINGERGEOL))

  • 1015 Accesses

Abstract

The documented history of research on Proterozoic evidence of life in India is almost 200 years old. Although systematic study did not start before the middle of twentieth century, significant advancement has taken place in recent years in the application of sophisticated techniques involving stable isotopes and organic geochemical methods. The last two decades have revealed application of biomarker principles with greater analytical rigor that challenge the first evidence of eukaryotes via conventional paleontological means. Such research also underpins timing of oxygenation of the atmosphere, developing chemical profiles for reconstructing deep time biology providing means for applying such methods alongside traditional micropaleontology as established protocols. Further research, particularly related to biostratigraphy, chemostratigraphy and geochronology, helps in understanding the Proterozoic record of life in India with greater resolution. This chapter reviews the earliest fossil records in India with an emphasis on the Mesoproterozoic, Neoproterozoic and Ediacaran Period.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 119.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Ahmad S, Kumar S (2014) Trace fossil assemblages from the Nagaur Group, Western India. J Palaeontol Soc India 59:231–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Auden JB (1933) Vindhyan sedimentation in Son Valley, Mirzapur district. Mem Geol Sur India 62:141–250

    Google Scholar 

  • Azmi RJ, Joshi D, Tiwari BN, Joshi MN, Srivastava SS (2008) A synoptic view on the current discordant geo- and biochronological ages of the Vindhyan Supergroup, central India. Himal Geol 29:177–191

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Jeevankumar S (2005) Microbially originated wrinkle structures on sandstone and their stratigraphic context: Palaeoproterozoic Koldaha Shale, central India. Sediment Geol 176:211–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Dutta S, Paikaray S, Mann U (2006) Stratigraphy, sedimentology and bulk organic geochemistry of black shales from the Proterozoic Vindhyan Supergroup (central India). J Earth Syst Sci 115:37–48

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S, Sarkar S, Eriksson PG, Samanta P (2010) Microbially related structures in siliciclastic sediment resembling Ediacaran fossils: examples from India, ancient and modern. In: Seckbach J, Oren A (eds) Microbial mats: modern and ancient microorganisms in stratified systems. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 111–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Banerjee S (2012) Discoidal microbial colonies. Int J Earth Sci 101:1343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Basu A, Bickford ME (2014) Contributions of zircon U-Pb geochronology to understanding the volcanic and sedimentary history of some Purana basins, India. J Asian Earth Sci 91:252–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bengtson S, Sallstedt T, Belivanova V, Whitehouse M (2017) Three-dimensional preservation of cellular and subcellular structures suggests 1.6 billion-year-old crown-group red algae. PLoS Biol 15:e2000735

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brocks JJ, Logan GA, Buick R, Summons RE (1999) Archean molecular fossils and the early rise of eukaryotes. Science 285:1033–1036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brocks JJ, Buick R, Summons RE, Logan GA (2003) Composition and syngeneity of molecular fossils from the 2.78 to 2.45 billion-year-old Mount Bruce Supergroup, Pilbara Craton, Western Australia. Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67:4321–4335

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty PP, Das P, Saha S, Das K, Mishra SR, Paul P (2012) Microbial mat related structures (MRS) from Mesoproterozoic Chhattisgarh and Khariar basins, Central India and their bearing on shallow marine sedimentation. Episodes 35:1–11

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chakraborty PP, Das P (2013) Microbial mat related structures (MRS) from Mesoproterozoic Chhattisgarh and Khariar basins, Central India and their bearing on shallow marine sedimentation. Episodes 35:513–523

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dayal A, Mani D, Madhavi T, Kavitha S, Kalpana M, Patil D, Sharma M (2014) Organic geochemistry of the Vindhyan sediments: implications for hydrocarbons. J Asian Earth Sci 91:329–338

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De C (2006) Ediacaran fossil assemblage in the Upper Vindhyans of Central India and its significance. J Asian Earth Sci 27:660–683

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Deb SP, Scheiber J, Chaudhuri AK (2007) Microbial mat features in mudstones of the Mesoproterozoic Somanapalli Group, Pranhita Godavari basin, India. In: Schieber J, Bose PK, Eriksson PG, Banerjee S, Sarkar S, Catuneanu O, Altermann W (eds) An atlas of microbial mat features preserved within the clastic rock record. Elsevier, Boston, pp 171–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Erwin DH (2015) Early Metazoan life: divergence, environment and ecology. Philos Trans R Soc B 370:20150036

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Evitt WR (1963) A discussion and proposals concerning fossil dinoflagellates, hystrichospheres, and acritarchs, II. PNAS 49:298–302

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • French KL, Hallmann C, Hope JM, Schoon PL, Zumberge JA, Hoshino Y, Peters CA, George SC, Love GD, Brocks JJ, Buick R, Summons RE (2015) Reappraisal of hydrocarbon biomarkers in Archean rocks. PNAS 112:5915–5920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gingras M, Hagadorn JW, Seilacher A, Lalonde SV, Pecoits E, Petrash D, Konhauser KO (2011) Possible evolution of mobile animals in association with microbial mats. Nature Geoscience Letters 4:372–375

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guhey R, Sinha D, Tewari VC (2011) Meso-Neoproterozoic stromatolites from the Indravati and Chhattisgarh basins, Central India. In: Tewari VC, Seckbach J (eds) Stromatolites: interaction of microbes with sediments. Springer, Berlin, pp 23–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino Y, Poshibaeva A, Meredith W, Snape C, Poshibaev V, Versteegh GJM, Kuznetsov N, Leider A, van Maldegem L, Neumann M, Naeher S, Moczydłowska M, Brocks JJ, Tang Q, Xiao S, McKirdy D, Das SK, Alvaro JJ, Sansjofre P, Hallmann C (2017) Cryogenian evolution of stigmasteroid biosynthesis. Sci Adv 3(9):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann HJ, Schopf JW (1983) In: Schopf JW (ed) Earth’s earliest biosphere. Princeton University Press, Princeton, pp 321–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofmann HJ, Mountjoy EW (2001) Namacalathus-Cloudina assemblage in Neoproterozoic Miette Group (Byng Formation), British Columbia: Canada’s oldest shelly fossils. Geology 29:1091–1094

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Javaux E, Knoll AH, Walter MR (2003) Recognizing and interpreting the fossils of early eukaryotes. Orig Life Evol Biosph 33:75–94

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jodder J, Hofmann A (2016) Carbonaceous cherts of the Daitari Greenstone Belt, Singhbhum Craton, India: a well preserved record of early life. Abstract, 35th Inter. Geol. Cong. 27th Aug to 4th Sept. 2016, Cape Town, South Africa

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones HC (1909) In general report. Records Geol Sur India 3:66

    Google Scholar 

  • King W (1872) The Kadapah and Karnul formations in the Madras Presidency. Mem Geol Sur India 8:124–258

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirschvink JL, Kopp RE (2008) Palaeoproterozoic ice houses and the evolution of oxygen-mediating enzymes: the case for a late origin of photosystem II. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser B Biol Sci 208:2755–2765

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoll AH, Carroll SB (1999) Early animal evolution: emerging views from comparative biology and geology. Science 284:2129–2137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoll AH (2000) Learning to tell Neoproterozoic time. Precambrian Geology 100:3–20

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knoll AH, Walter MR, Narbonne GM, Christie-Blick N (2004) A new period for the geologic time scale. Science 305:621–622

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S (1995) Megafossils from the Mesoproterozoic Rohtas formation (the Vindhyan Supergroup), Katni area, Central India. Precambrian Res 72:171–184

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kumar S, Sharma M (2012) Vindhyan Basin, Son Valley Area, Central India: PSI field guide-4. Palaeontol Soc India:145

    Google Scholar 

  • Loon van AJ, Mazumder R (2013) First find of biogenic activity in the Palaeoproterozoic of the Singhbhum Craton (E India). Andean Geol 19:185–192

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mathur VK (2008) Ediacaran multicellular biota from Krol Group, Lesser Himalaya and its stratigraphic significance—a review. Palaeobotanist 57:53–61

    Google Scholar 

  • Maithy PK, Kumar G (2007) Biota in the terminal Proterozoic successions on the Indian subcontinent: a review. In: Vickers-Rich P, Komarower P (eds) The rise and fall of the Ediacaran Biota, Geol. Soc London, Special Publication, vol 286, pp 315–330

    Google Scholar 

  • Mani D, Patil DJ, Dayal AM, Kavitha S, Hafiz M, Hakhoo N, Bhat GM (2014) Gas potential of Proterozoic and Phanerozoic shales from the NW Himalaya, India: inferences from pyrolysis. Int J Coal Geol 128–129:81–95

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Martin MW, Grazhdankin DV, Bowring SA, Evans DAD, Fedonkin MA, Kirschvink JL (2000) Age of bilaterian body and trace fossils, White Sea Russia: implications for metazoan evolution. Science 288:841–845

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McClelland J (1834) Notice of some fossil impressions occurring in the transitional Limestone of Kumaun. J Asiatic Soc Bengal 3:628–631

    Google Scholar 

  • Meert JG, Gibsher AS, Levashova NM, Grice WC, Kamenov GD, Ryabinin AB (2011) Glaciation and ~770 Ma Ediacara (?) Fossils from the Lesser Karatau Microcontinent, Kazakhstan. Gondwana Res 19:867–880

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Narbonne GM (2005) The Ediacara biota: Neoproterozoic origin of animals and their ecosystems. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci 33:421–442

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pandey SK (2014) Thrombolites from the Neoproterozoic Bhander Group, Vindhyan Supergroup, Central India. In: Rocha R, Pais J, Kullberg J, Finney S (eds) STRATI 2013. Springer Geology. Springer, Cham

    Google Scholar 

  • Patranabis-Deb S, Słowakiewicz M, Tucker ME, Pancost RD, Bhattacharya P (2016) Carbonate rocks and related facies with vestiges of biomarkers: clues to redox conditions in the Mesoproterozoic ocean. Gondwana Res 35:411–424

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad B, Asher R (2001) Biostratigraphy and lithostratigraphic classification of Proterozoic and Lower Paleozoic sediments (Preunconformity sequence) of Ganga Basin, India. Paleontographica Indica 5:1–155

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad B, Uniyal SN, Asher R (2005) Organic walled microfossils from the Proterozoic Vindhyan sediments of Son Valley, Madhya Pradesh, India. Palaeobotanist 54:13–60

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad B, Asher R, Borgohai B (2010) Late Neoproterozoic (Ediacaran)-Early Paleozoic (Cambrian) acritarchs from the Marwar Supergroup, Bikaner-Nagaur Basin, Rajasthan. J Geol Society of India 75:415–431

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad B, Asher R (2016) Record of Ediacaran complex acanthomorphic acritarchs from the Lower Vindhyan succession of the Chambal Valley (east Rajasthan), India and their biostratigraphic significance. J Palaeontol Soc India 61:29–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasanna MV, Rasheed MA, Patil DJ, Dayal AM, Reddy BR (2013) Geo-microbiological studies in conjunction with different geo-scientific studies for the evaluation of hydrocarbon prospects in Proterozoic Vindhyan Basin, India. J Pet Sci Eng 108:239–249

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raha PK, Shastry MVA (1982) Stromatolites and Precambrian stratigraphy in India. Precambrian Res 18:298–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Raju S, Mathur N, Sarmah M (2014) Geochemical characterization of Neoproterozoic heavy oil from Rajasthan India implications for future exploration of hydrocarbons. Curr Sci 107:1298–1305

    Google Scholar 

  • Rasmussen B, Fletcher IR, Brocks JJ, Kilburn MR (2008) Reassessing the first appearance of eukaryotes and cyanobacteria. Nature 455:1101–1104

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray JS, Veizer J, Davis WJ (2003) C, O, Sr and Pb isotope systematics of carbonate sequences of the Vindhyan Supergroup, India: age, diagenesis, correlations and implications for global events. Precambrian Res 121:103–140

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ray JS (2006) Age of the Vindhyan Supergroup: a review of recent findings. J Earth Syst Sci 115:149–160

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reysenbach AL, Cady SL (2001) Microbiology of ancient and modern hydrothermal systems. Trends Microbiol 9:79–86

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samanta P, Mukhopadhyay S, Mandal A, Sarkar S (2011) Microbial Mat structures in profile: the Neoproterozoic Sonia Sandstone, Rajasthan, India. J Asian Earth Sci 40:542–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Samanta P, Mukhopadhyay S, Sarkar S, Eriksson PG (2015) Neoproterozoic substrate condition vis-à-vis microbial mat structure and its implications: Sonia Sandstone, Rajasthan, India. J Asian Earth Sci 106:186–196

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarangi S, Gopalan K, Kumar S (2004) Pb–Pb age of earliest megascopic eukaryotic alga bearing Rohtas Formation, Vindhyan Supergroup, India: implications for Precambrian atmospheric oxygen evolution. Precambrian Res 132:107–121

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar S, Bose PK, Samanta P, Sengupta P, Eriksson PG (2008) Microbial mat mediated structures in the Ediacaran Sonia Sandstone, Rajasthan, India, and their implications for Proterozoic sedimentation. Precambrian Res 162:248–263

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar S, Banerjee S, Samanta P, Jeevankumar S (2006) Microbial mat-induced sedimentary structures and their implications: examples from Chorhat Sandstone, M.P., India. J Earth Syst Sci 115:49–60

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar S, Samanta P, Altermann W (2011) Setulfs, modern and ancient: formative mechanism, preservation bias and Palaeoenvironmental implications. Sediment Geol 238:71–78

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sarkar S, Banerjee S, Samanta P, Chakraborty N, Chakraborty PP, Mukhopadhyay S, Singh AK (2014) Microbial mat records in siliciclastic rocks: examples from four Indian Proterozoic basins and their modern equivalents in Gulf of Cambay. J Asian Earth Sci 91:362–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schieber J, Bose PK, Eriksson PG, Banerjee S, Sarkar S, Altermann W, Catuneanu O (eds) (2007) Atlas of microbial mat features preserved within the siliciclastic rock record. Elsevier, Amsterdam. 311 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Schopf JW (1992) In: Schopf JW, Klien C (eds) The Proterozoic Biosphere: a multidisciplinary study. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. 1348 p

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Schopf JW (1999) Cradle of life. The discovery of Earth’s earliest fossils. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ, p 367

    Google Scholar 

  • Seilacher A, Bose PK, Pflüger F (1998) Triploblastic animals more than 1 billion years ago: trace fossil evidence from India. Science 282:80–83

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M (2006a) Small-sized Akinetes from the Mesoproterozoic Salkhan Limestone, Semri Group, Bihar, India. J Palaeontological Soc India 51:109–118

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M (2006b) Late Palaeoproterozoic (Statherian) carbonaceous films from the Olive Shale (Koldaha Shale), Semri Group, Vindhyan Supergroup, India. J Palaeontological Soc India 51:27–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M (2008) Neoproterozoic biotic signatures in the Peninsular Indian Basins—an overview. Mem Geol Soc India 74:119–131

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Shukla Y (2009a) The evolution and distribution of life in the Precambrian Eon-Global perspective and the Indian record. J Biosci 34:765–776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Shukla Y (2009b) Taxonomy and affinity of Early Mesoproterozoic megascopic helically coiled and related fossils from the Rohtas Formation, the Vindhyan Supergroup, India. Precambrian Res 173:105–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Shukla Y (2012a) Megascopic Carbonaceous compression fossils from the Neoproterozoic Bhima basin, Karnataka, South India. Geol Soc Lond, Spec Publ 366:277–293

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Shukla Y (2012b) Occurrence of helically coiled microfossil Obruchevella in the Owk Shale of the Kurnool Group and its significance. J Earth Syst Sci 121:755–768

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Mishra S, Dutta S, Banerjee S, Shukla Y (2009) On the affinity of Chuaria–Tawuia complex: a multidisciplinary study. Precambrian Res 173:123–136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Tiwari M, Ahmad S, Shukla R, Shukla B, Singh VK, Pandey SK, Ansari AH, Shukla Y, Kumar S (2016) Palaeobiology of Indian proterozoic and early cambrian successions—recent developments. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad 82:559–579

    Google Scholar 

  • Sharma M, Kumar S, Tiwari M, Shukla Y, Pandey SK, Srivastava P, Banerjee S (2012) Palaeobiological constraints and the Precambrian biosphere: Indian evidence. Proc Indian Natl Sci Acad 78:407–422

    Google Scholar 

  • Shen Y, Schidlowski M (2000) New C isotope Stratigraphy from southwest China: implications for the placement of the Precambrian–Cambrian boundary on the Yangtze platform and global correlations. Geology 28:623–626

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shu D, Isozaki Y, Zhang X, Han J, Maruyama S (2014) Birth and early evolution of metazoans. Gondwana Res 25:884–895

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shukla R, Tiwari M (2014) Ediacaran acanthomorphic acritarchs from the Outer Krol Belt, Lesser Himalaya, India: their significance for global correlation. Palaeoworld 23:209–224

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Singh VK, Sharma M (2014) Morphologically Complex Organic-Walled Microfossils (OWM) from the Late Palaeoproterozoic—Early Mesoproterozoic Chitrakut Formation, Vindhyan Supergroup, Central India and their implications on the antiquity of eukaryotes. J Palaeontol Soc India 59:89–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava P (2002) Carbonaceous megafossils from the Dholpura Shale, uppermost Vindhyan Supergroup, Rajasthan: an age implication. J Paleontol Soc India 47:97–103

    Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava P, Bali R (2006) Proterozoic carbonaceous remains from the Chorhat Sandstone: oldest fossils of the Vindhyan Supergroup, Central India. Geobios 39:873–878

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava P (2006) Meso–Neoproterozoic coated grains and palaeoecology of associated microfossils: the Deoban Limestone, Lesser Himalaya, India. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 239:241–252

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Srivastava P (2009) Trachyhystrichosphaera, an age marker acanthomorph from the Bhander Group, Upper Vindhyans, Rajasthan. J Earth Syst Sci 118:575–582

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Summons RE, Bradley AS, Jahnke LL, Waldbauer JR (2006) Steroids, triterpenoids and molecular oxygen. Philosophical Trans Royal Soc B 361:951–968

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sur S, Schieber S, Banerjee S (2006) Petrographic observations suggestive of microbial mats from Rampur Shale and Bijaigarh Shale, Vindhyan basin, India. J Earth Syst Sci 115:61–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tappan H (1980) The Palaeobiology of plant protists. WH Freeman and Company, San Fransisco. 1028 p

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewari VC (2003) Sedimentology, palaeobiology and stable isotope chemostratigraphy of the Terminal Neoproterozoic Buxa Dolomite, Arunachal Pradesh NE Lesser Himalaya. Himal Geol 24:1–18

    Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari VC, Sial AN (2007) Neoproterozoic–Early Cambrian isotopic variation and chemostratigraphy of the Lesser Himalaya, India, Eastern Gondwana. Chem Geol 237:64–88

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tiwari M, Pant I (2009) Microfossils from the Neoproterozoic Gangolihat Formation, Kumaun Lesser Himalaya; their stratigraphic and evolutionary significance. J Asian Earth Sci 35:137–149

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tyler SA, Barghoorn ES (1954) Occurrence of structurally preserved plants in Precambrian rocks of the Canadian shield. Science 119:606–608

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Viswanathiah MN, Venkatachalapathy V (1980) Microbiota from the Bababudan iron formation, Karnataka. J Geol Soc India 21:16–20

    Google Scholar 

  • Waggoner B (2003) The Ediacaran biotas in space and time. Integr Comp Biol 43:104–113

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Waldbauer JR, Sherman LS, Sumner DY, Summons RE (2009) Late Archean molecular fossils from the Transvaal Supergroup record the antiquity of microbial diversity and aerobiosis. Precambrian Res 169:28–47

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The UGC is acknowledged for offering a position to Supriyo Kumar Das under FRP. Dr. Gupta acknowledges Prof. S. K. Tandon for editorial support and review and Springer for agreeing to publish the volume. Springer and Mr. Aaron Schiller are thanked for reuse of figures from papers originally published by Springer (Sharma et al. 2012; Sharma and Shukla 2009a, b) for reuse in this chapter.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geology, Presidency University, Kolkata, India

    Supriyo Kumar Das

  2. Petroleum Engineering-Business Management Dual Degree Program, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA

    Neal Gupta

Authors
  1. Supriyo Kumar Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Neal Gupta
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Neal Gupta .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CEdR/academic LLC, Boston, MA, USA

    Neal Gupta

  2. Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India

    Sampat K. Tandon

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Das, S.K., Gupta, N. (2020). Early Life from the Proterozoic Sedimentary Basins of India. In: Gupta, N., Tandon, S. (eds) Geodynamics of the Indian Plate. Springer Geology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-15989-4_6

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation