Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Doctor, My Child Snores and Has ADHD. Is There a Relationship?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Comorbid Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders

  • 691 Accesses

Abstract

Comorbid sleep disorders are at least twice as common in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as compared with typically developing (TD) children. Subjective sleep-wake complaints most often reported by parents of children with ADHD are bedtime resistance, longer sleep latencies, more nighttime awakenings, and daytime sleepiness. Management of sleep problems in children with ADHD includes sleep hygiene and behavioral interventions which include establishing a consistent bedtime ritual, limit setting, a behavioral reward system, relaxation strategies, and setting times for returning to check on the child during the night. Parent-reported moderate-to-severe sleep problems found sleep hygiene and parenting were modifiable factors independently associated with sleep problems in children with ADHD. Poorer sleep hygiene was associated with increased bedtime resistance, sleep duration problems, and daytime sleepiness. More consistent parenting was associated with decreased bedtime resistance and sleep anxiety.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Grigg-Damberger M, Ralls F. Treatment strategies for complex behavioral insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2013;19(6):616–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Nesbitt AD. Delayed sleep-wake phase disorder. J Thoracic Disease. 2018;10(Suppl 1):S103–11.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Burgess HJ, Revell VL, Molina TA, Eastman CI. Human phase response curves to three days of daily melatonin: 0.5 mg versus 3.0 mg. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010;95(7):3325–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Visser SN, Danielson ML, Bitsko RH, et al. Trends in the parent-report of health care provider-diagnosed and medicated attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: United States, 2003-2011. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2014;53(1):34–46.e32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. American Psychiatric Association, DSM-5 Task Force. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders : DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  6. van der Heijden KB, Stoffelsen RJ, Popma A, Swaab H. Sleep, chronotype, and sleep hygiene in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and controls. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;27(1):99–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Cortese S, Faraone SV, Konofal E, Lecendreux M. Sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: meta-analysis of subjective and objective studies. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2009;48(9):894–908.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Herman JH. Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep in children. Sleep Med Clin. 2015;10(2):143–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. De Crescenzo F, Licchelli S, Ciabattini M, et al. The use of actigraphy in the monitoring of sleep and activity in ADHD: a meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2016;26:9–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Knight FLC, Dimitriou D. Poor sleep has negative implications for children with and without ADHD, but in different ways. Behav Sleep Med. 2017:1–14.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Beriault M, Turgeon L, Labrosse M, et al. Comorbidity of ADHD and anxiety disorders in school-age children: impact on sleep and response to a cognitive-behavioral treatment. J Atten Disord. 2018;22(5):414–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Reynolds KC, Patriquin M, Alfano CA, Loveland KA, Pearson DA. Parent-reported problematic sleep behaviors in children with comorbid autism Spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Res Autism Spectr Disord. 2017;39:20–32.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Lycett K, Sciberras E, Mensah FK, Hiscock H. Behavioral sleep problems and internalizing and externalizing comorbidities in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2015;24(1):31–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Constantin E, Low NC, Dugas E, Karp I, O’Loughlin J. Association between childhood sleep-disordered breathing and disruptive behavior disorders in childhood and adolescence. Behav Sleep Med. 2015;13(6):442–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Kohler MJ, Lushington K, van den Heuvel CJ, Martin J, Pamula Y, Kennedy D. Adenotonsillectomy and neurocognitive deficits in children with sleep disordered breathing. PLoS One. 2009;4(10):e7343.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Bourke RS, Anderson V, Yang JS, et al. Neurobehavioral function is impaired in children with all severities of sleep disordered breathing. Sleep Med. 2011;12(3):222–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gozal D, Kheirandish-Gozal L, Bhattacharjee R, Spruyt K. Neurocognitive and endothelial dysfunction in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Pediatrics. 2010;126(5):e1161–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Karpinski AC, Scullin MH, Montgomery-Downs HE. Risk for sleep-disordered breathing and executive function in preschoolers. Sleep Med. 2008;9(4):418–24.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Beebe DW. Neurobehavioral morbidity associated with disordered breathing during sleep in children: a comprehensive review. Sleep. 2006;29(9):1115–34.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Blunden SL, Beebe DW. The contribution of intermittent hypoxia, sleep debt and sleep disruption to daytime performance deficits in children: consideration of respiratory and non-respiratory sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2006;10(2):109–18.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Kennedy JD, Blunden S, Hirte C, et al. Reduced neurocognition in children who snore. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2004;37(4):330–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. O’Brien LM, Mervis CB, Holbrook CR, et al. Neurobehavioral correlates of sleep-disordered breathing in children. J Sleep Res. 2004;13(2):165–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Miano S, Paolino MC, Urbano A, et al. Neurocognitive assessment and sleep analysis in children with sleep-disordered breathing. Clin Neurophysiol. 2011;122(2):311–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Beebe DW, Ris MD, Kramer ME, Long E, Amin R. The association between sleep disordered breathing, academic grades, and cognitive and behavioral functioning among overweight subjects during middle to late childhood. Sleep. 2010;33(11):1447–56.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  25. Smith DL, Gozal D, Hunter SJ, Kheirandish-Gozal L. Parent-reported behavioral and psychiatric problems mediate the relationship between sleep-disordered breathing and cognitive deficits in school-aged children. Front Neurol. 2017;8:410.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Amiri S, AbdollahiFakhim S, Lotfi A, Bayazian G, Sohrabpour M, Hemmatjoo T. Effect of adenotonsillectomy on ADHD symptoms of children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy and sleep disordered breathing. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(8):1213–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Ahmadi MS, Poorolajal J, Masoomi FS, Haghighi M. Effect of adenotonsillectomy on attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy: a prospective cohort study. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;86:193–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sawyer AC, Clark CR, Keage HA, et al. Cognitive and electroencephalographic disturbances in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and sleep problems: new insights. Psychiatry Res. 2009;170(2–3):183–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Stephens RJ, Chung SA, Jovanovic D, et al. Relationship between polysomnographic sleep architecture and behavior in medication-free children with TS, ADHD, TS and ADHD, and controls. J Dev Behav Pediatr JDBP. 2013;34(9):688–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Prehn-Kristensen A, Goder R, Fischer J, et al. Reduced sleep-associated consolidation of declarative memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep Med. 2011;12(7):672–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Prehn-Kristensen A, Munz M, Molzow I, Wilhelm I, Wiesner CD, Baving L. Sleep promotes consolidation of emotional memory in healthy children but not in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. PLoS One. 2013;8(5):e65098.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Mensah F, et al. Impact of a behavioural sleep intervention on symptoms and sleep in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and parental mental health: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015;350:h68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Sciberras E, Mulraney M, Heussler H, et al. Does a brief, behavioural intervention, delivered by paediatricians or psychologists improve sleep problems for children with ADHD? Protocol for a cluster-randomised, translational trial. BMJ Open. 2017;7(4):e014158.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Sciberras E, Song JC, Mulraney M, Schuster T, Hiscock H. Sleep problems in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: associations with parenting style and sleep hygiene. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2017;26(9):1129–39.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Suggested Reading

  • Constantin E, Low NC, Dugas E, Karp I, O’Loughlin J. Association Between Childhood Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Disruptive Behavior Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Behav Sleep Med. 2015;13(6):442–54.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grigg-Damberger M, Ralls F. Treatment strategies for complex behavioral insomnia in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 2013;19(6):616–25.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hiscock H, Sciberras E, Mensah F, et al. Impact of a behavioural sleep intervention on symptoms and sleep in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and parental mental health: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015;350:h68.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Prehn-Kristensen A, Goder R, Fischer J, et al. Reduced sleep-associated consolidation of declarative memory in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Sleep Med. 2011;12(7):672–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Prehn-Kristensen A, Munz M, Molzow I, Wilhelm I, Wiesner CD, Baving L. Sleep promotes consolidation of emotional memory in healthy children but not in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. PloS One. 2013;8(5):e65098.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Smith DL, Gozal D, Hunter SJ, Kheirandish-Gozal L. Parent-Reported Behavioral and Psychiatric Problems Mediate the Relationship between Sleep-Disordered Breathing and Cognitive Deficits in School-Aged Children. Front Neurol. 2017;8:410.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • van der Heijden KB, Stoffelsen RJ, Popma A, Swaab H. Sleep, chronotype, and sleep hygiene in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and controls. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2018;27(1):99–111.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurophysiology, and Sleep Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine and Medical Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Madeleine Marie Grigg-Damberger

Authors
  1. Madeleine Marie Grigg-Damberger
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Madeleine Marie Grigg-Damberger .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Sleep Medicine, VA North Texas Health Care System, Department of Psychiatry and Neurology and Neurotherapeutics UT, Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA

    Imran S. Khawaja

  2. Minneapolis VAHCS, Hennepin County Medical Center, and University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Thomas D. Hurwitz

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Grigg-Damberger, M.M. (2019). Doctor, My Child Snores and Has ADHD. Is There a Relationship?. In: Khawaja, I., Hurwitz, T. (eds) Comorbid Sleep and Psychiatric Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11772-6_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11772-6_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11771-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11772-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation