Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Heart

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Color Atlas of Human Fetal and Neonatal Histology

  • 2562 Accesses

Abstract

The fetal myocardium has a distinctive histological appearance that differs from the histological appearance of adult myocardium. Familiarity with these differences is important when examining the fetal heart. This chapter highlights the histological features of the fetal and neonatal myocardium as well as the specialized structures such as cardiac valves and the cardiac conduction system.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 189.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD 249.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Sadler TW, Langman J. Langman’s medical embryology. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Schoenwolf GC, Larsen WJ. Larsen’s human embryology. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Sylva M, van den Hoff MJB, Moorman AFM. Development of the human heart. Am J Med Genet. 2014;64A:1347–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Schleich JM, Abdula T, Summers R, Houyel L. An overview of cardiac morphogenesis. Arch Cardiovasc Dis. 2013;106:612–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Rana MS, Christoffels VM, Moorman AFM. A molecular and genetic outline of cardiac morphogenesis. Acta Physiol. 2013;207:588–615.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. van Weerd JH, Christoffels VM. The formation and function of the cardiac conduction system. Development. 2016;143:197–210.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Christoffels VM, Moorman AFM. Development of the cardiac conduction system: why are some regions of the heart more arrhythmogenic than others? Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol. 2009;2:195–207.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Watanabe M, Rollins AM, Polo-Parada L, Ma P, Gu S, Jenkins MW. Probing the electrophysiology of the developing heart. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis. 2016;3:pii:E10. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd3010010.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Temple IP, Inada S, Dobrzynski H, Boyett MR. Connexins and the atrioventricular node. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10:297–304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Aanhaanen WT, Moorman AF, Christoffels VM. Origin and development of the atrioventricular myocardial lineage: insight into the development of accessory pathways. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2011;91:565–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Di Nardo P, Forte G, Ahluwalia A, Minieri M. Cardiac progenitor cells: potency and control. J Cell Physiol. 2010;224:590–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Berry GJ, Billingham ME. Normal heart. In: Mills SE, editor. Histology for pathologists. 4th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2011. p. 563–83.

    Google Scholar 

  13. Favara BE, Moores H. Anitschkow nuclear structure: a study of pediatric hearts. Pediatr Pathol. 1987;7:151–64.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Murphy GE, Becker CG. Occurrence of caterpillar nuclei within normal immature and normal appearing and altered mature heart muscle cells and the evolution of Anitschkow cells from the latter. Am J Pathol. 1966;48:931–57.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Wagner BM, Siew S. Studies in rheumatic fever. V. Significance of the human Anitschkow cell. Hum Pathol. 1970;1:45–71.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Boyd TA. Blood cysts on the heart valves of infants. Am J Pathol. 1949;25:757–9.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Zimmerman KG, Paplanus SH, Dong S, Nagle RB. Congenital blood cysts of the heart valves. Hum Pathol. 1983;14:699–703.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Titus JL. Normal anatomy of the human cardiac conduction system. Mayo Clin Proc. 1973;48:24–30.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Suarez-Mier MP, Gamillo C. Atrioventricular node fetal dispersion and His bundle fragmentation of the cardiac conduction system in sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;32:1885–90.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Valdes-Dapena MA. Histology of the fetus and newborn. Philadelphia: Saunders; 1979.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Valdes-Dapena MA, Greene M, Basavanand N, Catherman R, Truex RC. The myocardial conduction system in sudden death in infancy. N Engl J Med. 1973;289:1179–80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Ottaviani G, Buja LM. Anatomopathological changes of the cardiac conduction system in sudden cardiac death, particularly in infants: advances over the last 25 years. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2016;25:489–99.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Hill DA, Swanson PE. Myocardial extramedullary hematopoiesis: a clinicopathologic study. Mod Pathol. 2000;13:779–87.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Fishbein GA, Fishbein MC, Buja LM. Myocardial ischemia and its complications. In: Buja LM, Butany J, editors. Cardiovascular pathology. 4th ed. London: Elsevier; 2016. p. 249.

    Google Scholar 

  25. Rosenberg HS, Donnelly WH. The cardiovascular system. In: Wigglesworth JS, Singer DB, editors. Textbook of fetal and perinatal pathology. 2nd ed. Malden: Blackwell Science; 1998. p. 653.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Nield LE, von Both I, Popel N, Strachan K, Manlhiot C, Shannon P, et al. Comparison of immune profiles in fetal hearts with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, maternal autoimmune-associated dilated cardiomyopathy and the normal fetus. Pediatr Cardiol. 2016;37:353–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Fernandes NM, Taylor GP, Manlhiot C, McCrindle BW, Ho M, Miner SE, et al. The myocardium of fetuses with endocardial fibroelastosis contains fewer B and T lymphocytes than normal control myocardium. Pediatr Cardiol. 2011;32:1088–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Roberts DJ, Genest D. Cardiac histologic pathology characteristic of trisomies 13 and 21. Hum Pathol. 1992;23:1130–40.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA

    Linda M. Ernst

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, WI, USA

    Michael K. Fritsch

Authors
  1. Linda M. Ernst
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Michael K. Fritsch
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Linda M. Ernst .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA

    Linda M. Ernst

  2. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Eduardo D. Ruchelli

  3. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Chrystalle Katte Carreon

  4. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Dale S. Huff

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Ernst, L.M., Fritsch, M.K. (2019). Heart. In: Ernst, L., Ruchelli, E., Carreon, C., Huff, D. (eds) Color Atlas of Human Fetal and Neonatal Histology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11425-1_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11425-1_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-11424-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-11425-1

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation