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Gene Regulatory Activity of Vitamin E

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Vitamin E in Human Health

Part of the book series: Nutrition and Health ((NH))

Abstract

Since the discovery of vitamin E, research on this vitamin has mainly focused on its antioxidant properties; however, in recent years, the gene regulatory activities of tocopherols and tocotrienols have also been increasingly studied. The structural differences of the various vitamin E isoforms determine their biological and regulatory activities. It has been shown, as the first non-antioxidant property of vitamin E, that α-tocopherol inhibits protein kinase C and 5-lipoxygenase and also activates protein phosphatase 2A and diacylglycerol kinase. Furthermore, vitamin E modulates the immune response, in part by reducing inflammation and boosting the immune system. Long-term vitamin E deficiency affects hepatic gene expression by upregulating hepatic coagulation factor IX, 5-α-steroid reductase type 1 and CD36, as well as downregulating the hepatic γ-glutamyl-cysteinyl-synthetase mRNA level. Our in vivo studies in rats have also indicated that dietary vitamin E induces changes in steroidogenesis by affecting cholesterol homeostasis in the testes and adrenal glands. In addition, vitamin E has been suggested to modulate age-associated changes by altering the redox balance, resulting in altered gene and/or protein expression. Finally, it has been shown that vitamin E controls cell signalling not only at the mRNA but also at the miRNA level.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany

    Alexandra Fischer & Gerald Rimbach

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  1. Alexandra Fischer
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  2. Gerald Rimbach
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Correspondence to Gerald Rimbach .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart , Germany

    Peter Weber

  2. University of Applied Sciences Fulda, Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda, Germany

    Marc Birringer

  3. Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeffrey B. Blumberg

  4. University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplain 1, Groningen, The Netherlands

    Manfred Eggersdorfer

  5. University of Hohenheim, Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Stuttgart , Germany

    Jan Frank

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Fischer, A., Rimbach, G. (2019). Gene Regulatory Activity of Vitamin E. In: Weber, P., Birringer, M., Blumberg, J., Eggersdorfer, M., Frank, J. (eds) Vitamin E in Human Health. Nutrition and Health. Humana Press, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05315-4_7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-05315-4_7

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-05315-4

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