Abstract
As we move towards autonomous vehicles, a reliable Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication framework becomes of paramount importance. In this paper we present the development and the performance evaluation of a real-world vehicular networking testbed. Our testbed, deployed in the heart of the City of Bristol, UK, is able to exchange sensor data in a V2X manner. We will describe the testbed architecture and its operational modes. Then, we will provide some insight pertaining the firmware operating on the network devices. The system performance has been evaluated under a series of large-scale field trials, which have proven how our solution represents a low-cost high-quality framework for V2X communications. Our system managed to achieve high packet delivery ratios under different scenarios (urban, rural, highway) and for different locations around the city. We have also identified the instability of the packet transmission rate while using single-core devices, and we present some future directions that will address that.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
Notes
- 1.
OpenWRT Barrier Breaker Release no. 14.07 - https://openwrt.org/.
References
FLOURISH Car Trials - Dataset of three days of field trials. https://seis.bristol.ac.uk/~eerjp/v2xtrials/. Accessed 04 July 2018
Mikrotik R52H Data Sheet. https://mikrotik.com/product/R52H
Mikrotik R5SHPn Data Sheet. https://routerboard.com/R5SHPn
Mikrotik RB433 Data Sheet. https://mikrotik.com/product/RB433
IEEE standard for wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications - amendment 6: wireless access in vehicular environments. IEEE Std. 802.11p-2010, July 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5514475
IEEE standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) - multi-channel operation. IEEE Std. 1609.4-2016, pp. 1–94, March 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2016.7435228
IEEE standard for wireless access in vehicular environments (WAVE) - networking services. IEEE Std. 1609.3-2016, pp. 1–160, April 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/IEEESTD.2016.7458115
Ameixieira, C., et al.: Harbornet: a real-world testbed for vehicular networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 52(9), 108–114 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6894460
Demestichas, P., Georgakopoulos, A., Tsagkaris, K., Kotrotsos, S.: Intelligent 5G networks: managing 5G wireless/mobile broadband. IEEE Veh. Technol. Mag. 10(3), 41–50 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/MVT.2015.2446419
Eriksson, J., Balakrishnan, H., Madden, S.: Cabernet: vehicular content delivery using WiFi. In: Proceedings of the 14th ACM International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, MobiCom 2008, pp. 199–210. ACM, New York (2008). https://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1409944.1409968
Fantacci, R., Tarchi, D., Tassi, A.: A novel routing algorithm for mobile pervasive computing. In: Proceedings of IEEE 2010, December 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLOCOM.2010.5683765
Fazio, P., Rango, F.D., Sottile, C.: A predictive cross-layered interference management in a multichannel MAC with reactive routing in VANET. IEEE Trans. Mob. Comput. 15(8), 1850–1862 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2015.2465384
Hull, B., et al.: CarTel: a distributed mobile sensor computing system. In: Proceedings of 4th ACM SenSys. Boulder, November 2006
Levinson, J., et al.: Towards fully autonomous driving: systems and algorithms. In: IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium IV, pp. 163–168, June 2011. https://doi.org/10.1109/IVS.2011.5940562
Mavromatis, I., Tassi, A., Piechocki, R.J., Nix, A.: Agile calibration process of full-stack simulation frameworks for V2X communications. In: Proceedings of IEEE VNC 2017, pp. 89–96 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/VNC.2017.8275604
Mavromatis, I., Tassi, A., Rigazzi, G., Piechocki, R.J., Nix, A.: Multi-radio 5G architecture for connected and autonomous vehicles: application and design insights. EAI Trans. Ind. Netw. Intell. Syst. (2018). https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.20-3-2018.154368
Mavromatis, I., Tassi, A., Piechocki, R.J., Nix, A.: MmWave system for future ITS: a MAC-layer approach for V2X beam steering. In: Proceedings of IEEE VTC-Fall 2017, September 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2017.8288267
Mavromatis, I., Tassi, A., Piechocki, R.J., Nix, A.: Efficient V2V communication scheme for 5G MmWave hyper-connected CAVs. In: Proceedings of IEEE ICC 2018, May 2018
Rigazzi, G., Tassi, A., Piechocki, R.J., Tryfonas, T., Nix, A.: Optimized certificate revocation list distribution for secure V2X communications. In: Proceedings of IEEE VTC-Fall 2017, September 2017. https://doi.org/10.1109/VTCFall.2017.8288287
Tassi, A., Egan, M., Piechocki, R.J., Nix, A.: Modeling and design of millimeter-wave networks for highway vehicular communication. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol. 66(12), 10676–10691 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2017.2734684
Tong, Z., Lu, H., Haenggi, M., Poellabauer, C.: A stochastic geometry approach to the modeling of DSRC for vehicular safety communication. IEEE Trans. Intell. Transp. Syst. 17(5), 1448–1458 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2015.2507939
Walker, J.: The self-driving car timeline - predictions from the top 11 global automakers. https://www.techemergence.com/self-driving-car-timeline-themselves-top-11-automakers/. Accessed 27 March 2018
Acknowledgements
This work was partially supported by the University of Bristol and the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) (grant EP/I028153/1). It is also supported in part by the Innovate UK FLOURISH project under Grant no. 102582.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mavromatis, I., Tassi, A., Piechocki, R.J., Nix, A. (2018). A City-Scale ITS-G5 Network for Next-Generation Intelligent Transportation Systems: Design Insights and Challenges. In: Montavont, N., Papadopoulos, G. (eds) Ad-hoc, Mobile, and Wireless Networks. ADHOC-NOW 2018. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11104. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00247-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00247-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-00246-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-00247-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)