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Nonpenetrating and penetrating trauma of the vertebral artery

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Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery

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Abstract

Once thought to be rare, injury to the vertebral artery (VA) secondary to trauma has become more commonly discovered. This is because of an increased awareness of its clinical symptoms, improvement in imaging, and a superior understanding of the various mechanisms of injury. This chapter discusses the incidence of both penetrating and nonpenetrating vertebral artery injuries (VAI), as well as the various mechanisms of damage. It describes neurological manifestations of VAI and discusses the increasing number of imaging studies well suited to detect VA abnormalities. It also discusses both well-established and controversial treatments.

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  1. V. J. Miele
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  2. E. C. Benzel
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Miele, V.J., Benzel, E.C. (2011). Nonpenetrating and penetrating trauma of the vertebral artery. In: Pathology and surgery around the vertebral artery. Springer, Paris. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-89787-0_22

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