Abstract
Heterogeneous objects refer to objects with spatially different material compositions or structures. Tremendous research efforts have been devoted to modelling heterogeneous objects and many heterogeneous object representations have been proposed. Regardless of the diversity of these CAD models, there are needs to transport and exchange the included geometry, topology as well as material distribution between CAD modellers, CAE tools and CAM facilities. In literature and practical applications there have been lots of STEP (STandard for the Exchange of Product model data) based tools and implementations for the exchange of the geometric/topological data. However, there has been only limited research on the data exchange of material distributions. This chapter focuses on an XML implementation for data exchange of heterogeneous CAD models. The proposed heterogeneous CAD model is described by Extensible Markup Language and detailed approaches to represent the voxel based, explicit function based and heterogeneous feature tree based models are described. The idea is to introduce self-descriptive, customised tags/vocabularies to fit the specific needs of material modelling. The structure of the heterogeneous CAD model is specified with XML schemas and related data validations can accordingly be checked to ensure the model correctness. A prototype CAD module is developed to construct XML-based heterogeneous material model, and the XML model is then exported to SolidWorks to test the validity of the proposed approach. Results show the proposed XML based model can facilitate the data exchanges of heterogeneous material distributions.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Preview
Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.
References
Kou, X. Y. and Tan, S. T., Heterogeneous object modeling: A review, Computer-Aided Design, vol. 39, pp. 284-301, 2007.
Pasko, A., Adzhiev, V., and Comninos, P., Heterogeneous Objects Modelling and Applications, in Collection of Papers on Foundations and Practice Series, Lecture Notes in Computer Science. vol. 4889 2008.
Burkett, W. C., Product data markup language: A new paradigm for product data exchange and integration, CAD Computer Aided Design, vol. 33, pp. 489-500, 2001.
Chan, S. C. F., Dillon, T., and Ng, V. T. Y., Exchanging step data through XML-based mediators, Concurrent Engineering Research and Applications, vol. 11, pp. 55-64, 2003.
ISO10303-11, Industrial automation systems and integration — Product data representation and exchange— Part 11: Description methods: The EXPRESS language reference manual, 2004.
Peak, R. S., Lubell, J., Srinivasan, V., and Waterbury, S. C., STEP, XML, and UML: Complementary technologies, Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering, vol. 4, pp. 379-390, 2004.
Barkmeyer, E. and Lubell, J., XML Representation of EXPRESS Models and Data, in ICSE Workshop on XML Technologies and Software Engineering Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 2001.
ISO10303-28, Industrial automation systems and integration--product data representation and exchange, 1st ed. Geneva: ISO, 2007.
http://www.steptools.com/.
Michael, J. P., Introduction to ISO 10303 - the STEP standard for product data exchange, J. Comput. Info. Sci. Eng., vol. 1, pp. 102-103, 2001.
Patil, L., Dutta, D., Bhatt, A. D., Jurrens, K., Lyons, K., Pratt, M. J., and Sriram, R. D., Representation of heterogeneous objects in ISO 10303(STEP), American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Manufacturing Engineering Division, MED, vol. 11, pp. 355-363, 2000.
Patil, L., Dutta, D., Bhatt, A. D., Jurrens, K., Lyons, K., Pratt, M. J., and Sriram, R. D., A proposed standards-based approach for representing heterogeneous objects for layered manufacturing, Rapid Prototyping Journal, vol. 8, pp. 134-146, 2002.
Requicha, A. A. G. and Voelcker, H. B., Solid modeling - A historical summary and contemporary assessment, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol. 2, pp. 9-16, 18-20, 22-24, 1982.
Requicha, A. G., Representations for rigid solids: theory, methods, and systems ACM Computing Surveys, vol. 12, pp. 437-464, 1980
Hu, Y., Blouin, V. Y., and Fadel, G. M., Design for manufacturing of 3D heterogeneous objects with processing time considerations, Proceedings of ASME 2005 Design Engineering Technical Conferences, September 24-28, 2005, Long Beach, California USA, 2005.
Cho, J. R. and Ha, D. Y., Optimal tailoring of 2D volume-fraction distributions for heat-resisting functionally graded materials using FDM, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol. 191, pp. 3195-3211, 2002.
Shin, K.-H., Representation and process planning for layered manufacturing of heterogeneous objects: PhD Thesis, University of Michigan, 2002.
Chen, M. and Tucker, J. V., Constructive volume geometry, Computer Graphics Forum, vol. 19, pp. 281-293, 2000.
Elishakoff, I., Gentilini, C., and Viola, E., Three-dimensional analysis of an allround clamped plate made of functionally graded materials, Acta Mechanica, vol. 180, pp. 21-36, 2005.
Eraslan, A. and Akis, T., On the plane strain and plane stress solutions of functionally graded rotating solid shaft and solid disk problems, Acta Mechanica, vol. 181, pp. 43-63, 2006.
Kou, X. Y. and Tan, S. T., A hierarchical representation for heterogeneous object modeling, Computer-Aided Design, vol. 37, p. 307, 2005.
Kou, X. Y., Tan, S. T., and Sze, W. S., Modeling complex heterogeneous objects with non-manifold heterogeneous cells, Computer-Aided Design, vol. 38, pp. 457-474, 2006.
Kou, X. Y., Computer-Aided Design of Heterogeneous Objects: PhD Thesis, The University of Hong Kong, 2006.
http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-datatypes.
http://www.w3.org/Math/.
Corney, J., 3D modeling with the ACIS kernel and toolkit. Chichester ; New York: J. Wiley & Sons, 1997.
Kou, X. Y. and Tan, S. T., An interactive CAD environment for heterogeneous object design, in Proceedings of ASME 2004 Design Engineering Technical Conferences, September 28-October 2, 2004, Salt Lake City, Utah USA.
http://www.comsol.com/.
Kou, X. Y. and Tan, S. T., Heterogeneous Object Design: An Integrated CAX Perspective, in Heterogeneous Objects Modeling and Applications, Lecture Notes on Computer Science, V. A. Alexander Pasko, Peter Comninos, Ed., 2007, pp. 42-59.
Kou, X. Y. and Tan, S. T., A systematic approach for Integrated Computer-Aided Design and Finite Element Analysis of Functionally-Graded-Material objects, Materials & Design, vol. 28, pp. 2549-2565, 2007.
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=3144B72B-B4F2-46DA-B4B6-C5D7485F2B42&displaylang=en.
Albahari, J., Albahari, B., and Drayton, P., C# 3.0 in a nutshell, 3rd ed. Beijing ; Cambridge: O'Reilly, 2007.
http://www.solidworks.com/.
http://www.3ds.com/3dxml.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2009 Springer-Verlag London Limited
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kou, X., Tan, S. (2009). An XML Implementation for Data Exchange of Heterogeneous Object Models. In: Xu, X., Nee, A. (eds) Advanced Design and Manufacturing Based on STEP. Springer Series in Advanced Manufacturing. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-739-4_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84882-739-4_19
Publisher Name: Springer, London
Print ISBN: 978-1-84882-738-7
Online ISBN: 978-1-84882-739-4
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)