Skip to main content

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  1. American Cancer Society. Facts and Figures. Surveillance Research. Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society; 2003.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Gurney JG, Smith MA, Bunin GR. CNS and miscellaneous intracranial and intraspinal neoplasms. In: Ries LAG, Smith MA, Gurney JG, Linet M, Tamra T, Young JL, Bunin GR, eds. Cancer Incidence and Survival Among Children and Adolescents: United States SEER Program 1975–1995, NIH Publ. No. 99-4649. Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute; 1999:51–63.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Rutka JT, Kuo JS. Pediatric surgical neuro-oncology: current best care practices and strategies. J Neurooncol 2004;69:139–••50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Kline NE, Sevier N. Solid tumors in children. J Pediatr Nurs 2003; 18:96–102.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Ross JA, Severson RK, Pollack BH, Robinson LL. Childhood cancer in the United States. A geographical analysis of cases from the Pediatric Cooperative Clinical Trials groups. Cancer 1996;77:201–208.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Ullrich NJ, Pomeroy SL. Pediatric brain tumors. Neurol Clin 2003;21: 897–902.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States: 2004–2005 Statistical Report Tables. Available online at: http://www.cbtrus.org/2004-2005/tables/2005.table13.pdf. Accessed June 20, 2005.

  8. Saran F. Recent advances in paediatric neuro-oncology. Curr Opin Neurol 2002;15:671–677.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Pollack IF. Pediatric brain tumors. Semin Surg Oncol 1999;16:73–90.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Rilliet B, Vernet O. Gliomas in children: a review. Childs Nerv Syst 2000;16:735–741.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Freeman CR, Farmer JP, Montes J. Low-grade astrocytomas in children: evolving management strategies. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998;41:979–987.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Fernandez C, Figarella-Branger D, Girard N, et al. Pilocytic astrocytomas in children: prognostic factors—a retrospective study of 80 cases. Neurosurgery 2003;53:544–553.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Broniscer A, Gajjar A. Supratentorial high-grade astrocytoma and diffuse brainstem glioma: two challenges for the pediatric oncologist. Oncologist 2004;9:197–206.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Campbell JW, Pollack IF, Martinez AJ, Shultz BL. High grade astrocytomas in children: radiologically complete resection is associated with an excellent long-term prognosis. Neurosurgery 1996;38:258–264.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Finlay JL, Boyett JM, Yates AJ, Wisoff JH. Randomized phase III trial in childhood high-grade astrocytoma comparing vincristine, lomustine and prednisone with the eight-drugs-in-1-day regimen. J Clin Oncol 1995;13:112–123.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Wisoff JH, Boyett JM, Berger MS, et al. Current neurosurgical management and the impact of the extent of resection in the treatment of malignant gliomas of childhood: a report of the Children’s Cancer Group Trial No. CCG-945. J Neurosurg 1998;89:52–59.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Heideman RL, Kuttesch J Jr, Gajjar AJ, et al. Supratentorial malignant gliomas in childhood: a single institution perspective. Cancer 1997;80: 497–504.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Wolff JE, Gnekow AK, Kortmann RD, et al. Preradiation chemotherapy for pediatric patients with high-grade glioma. Cancer 2002;94:264–271.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Sanford RA, Freeman CR, Burger P, Cohen ME. Prognostic criteria for experimental protocols in pediatric brainstem gliomas. Surg Neurol 1988;30:276–280.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Pollack IF. Brain tumors in children. N Engl J Med 1994;331:1500–1507.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Guillamo JS, Doz F, Delattre JY. Brain stem gliomas. Curr Opin Neurol 2001;14:711–715.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Walker DA, Punt JA, Sokal M. Clinical management of brain stem glioma. Arch Dis Child 1999;80:558–564.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Molloy PT, Bilaniuk LT, Vaughan SN, et al. Brainstem tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1: a distinct clinical entity. Neurology 1995;45:1897–1902.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Milstein JM, Geyer JR, Berger MS, Bleyer WA. Favorable prognosis for brainstem gliomas in neurofibromatosis. J Neurooncol 1989;7:367–371.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Koeller KK, Rushing EJ. From the archives of the AFIP: medulloblastoma: a comprehensive review with radiologic-pathologic correlation. Radiographics 2003;23:1613–1637.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Kaatsch P, Rickert CH, Kuhl J, Schuz J, Michaelis J. Population-based epidemiologic data on brain tumors in German children. Cancer 2001;92:3155–3164.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Roberts RO, Lynch CF, Jones MP, Hart MN. Medulloblastoma: a population-based study of 532 cases. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 1991;50: 134–144.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Park TS, Hofman HJ, Hendrick EB, Humphreys RP, Becker LE. Medulloblastoma: clinical presentation and management—experience at the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, 1950–1980. J Neurosurg 1983;58: 543–552.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Al-Mefty O, Jinkins JR, El-Senoussi M, El-Shaker M, Fox JL. Medulloblastomas: a review of modern management with a report on 75 cases. Surg Neurol 1985;24:606–624.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Pomeroy SL, Tamayo P, Gaasenbeek M, et al. Prediction of central nervous system embryonal tumour outcome based on gene expression. Nature 2002;415:436–442.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Sutton LN, Phillips PC, Molloy PT. Surgical management of medulloblastoma. J Neurooncol 1996;29:9–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Pollack IF, Polinko P, Albright AL, Towbin R, Fitz C. Mutism and pseudobulbar symptoms after resection of posterior fossa tumors in children: incidence and pathophysiology. Neurosurgery 1995;37:885–893.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Packer RJ, Sutton LN, Elterman R, et al. Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin, CCNU, and vincristine chemotherapy. J Neurosurg 1994;81:690–698.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Rutkowski S, Bode U, Deinlein F, et al. Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative chemotherapy alone. N Engl J Med 2005;352:978–986.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Zeltzer PM, Boyett JM, Finlay JL, et al. Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the Children’s Cancer Group 921 randomized phase III study. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:832–845.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. David KM, Casey AT, Hayward RD, Harkness WF, Phipps K, Wade AM. Medulloblastoma: is the 5-year survival rate improving? A review of 80 cases from a single institution. J Neurosurg 1997;86:13–21.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. Miralbell R, Bieri S, Huguenin P, et al. Prognostic value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology in pediatric medulloblastoma. Swiss Pediatric Oncology Group. Ann Oncol 1999;10:239–241.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Smyth MD, Horn BN, Russo C, Berger MS. Intracranial ependymomas of childhood: current management strategies. Pediatr Neurosurg 2000;33:138–150.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Figarella-Branger D, Civatte M, Bouvier-Labit C, et al. Prognostic factors in intracranial ependymomas in children. J Neurosurg 2000;93: 605–613.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Agaoglu FY, Ayan I, Dizdar Y, Kebudi R, Gorgun O, Darendeliler E. Ependymal tumors in childhood. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2005;45: 298–303.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Jaing TH, Wang HS, Tsay PK, et al. Multivariate analysis of clinical prognostic factors in children with intracranial ependymomas. J Neurooncol 2004;68:255–261.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Horn B, Heideman R, Geyer R, et al. A multi-institutional retrospective study of intracranial ependymoma in children: identification of risk factors. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 1999;21:203–211.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Massimino M, Gandola L, Giangaspero F, et al. Hyperfractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy for childhood ependymoma: final results of the first prospective AIEOP (Associazione Italiana di Ematologia-Oncologia Pediatrica) study. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004; 58:1336–1345.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Perilongo G, Massimino M, Sotti G, et al. Analyses of prognostic factors in a retrospective review of 92 children with ependymoma: Italian Pediatric Neuro-oncology Group. Med Pediatr Oncol 1997;29:79–85.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Timmermann B, Kortmann RD, Kuhl J, et al. Combined postoperative irradiation and chemotherapy for anaplastic ependymomas in childhood: results of the German prospective trials HIT 88/89 and HIT 91. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000;46:287–295.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. Gambarelli D, Raquin MA, Couanet D, et al. Postoperative chemotherapy without irradiation for ependymoma in children under 5 years of age: a multicenter trial of the French Society of Pediatric Oncology. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:1288–1296.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Palma L, Celli P, Mariottini A, Zalaffi A, Schettini G. The importance of surgery in supratentorial ependymomas: long-term survival in a series of 23 cases. Childs Nerv Syst 2000;16:170–175.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Pollack IF, Gerszten PC, Martinez AJ, et al. Intracranial ependymomas of childhood: long-term outcome and prognostic factors. Neurosurgery 1995;37:655–666.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Vinchon M, Soto-Ares G, Riffaud L, Ruchoux MM, Dhellemmes P. Supratentorial ependymoma in childhood. Pediatr Neurosurg 2001;34: 77–87.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Srinivasan S, Ogle GD, Garnett SP, Briody JN, Lee JW, Cowell CT. Features of the metabolic syndrome after childhood craniopharyngioma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004;89:81–86.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  51. Petito CK, DeGirolami U, Earle KM. Craniopharyngiomas: a clinical and pathological review. Cancer 1976;37:1944–1952.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Arginteanu MS, Hague K, Zimmerman R, et al. Craniopharyngioma arising de novo in middle age. Case report. J Neurosurg 1997;86:1046–1048.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  53. Lena G, Paredes AP, Scavarda D, Giusiano B. Craniopharyngioma in children: Marseille experience. Childs Nerv Syst 2005;21:778–784.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Merchant TE, Kiehna EN, Sanford RA, et al. Craniopharyngioma: the St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital experience 1984–2001. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2002;53:533–542.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Scott RM, Hetelekidis S, Barnes PD, et al. Surgery, radiation, and combination therapy in the treatment of childhood craniopharyngioma—A 20-year experience. Pediatr Neurosurg 1994;21(Suppl 1):75–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Sosa IJ, Krieger MD, McComb JG. Craniopharyngiomas of childhood: the CHLA experience. Childs Nerv Syst 2005;21:785–789.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Lehrnbecher T, Muller-Scholden J, Danhauser-Leistner I, Sorensen N, von Stockhausen HB. Perioperative fluid and electrolyte management in children undergoing surgery for craniopharyngioma. A 10-year experience in a single institution. Childs Nerv Syst 1998;14:276–279.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  58. Shemie S, Jay V, Rutka J, Armstrong D. Acute obstructive hydrocephalus and sudden death in children. Ann Emerg Med 1997;29:524–528.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  59. Kaal EC, Vecht CJ. The management of brain edema in brain tumors. Curr Opin Oncol 2004;16:593–600.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  60. Ruderman N, Hall T. Use of glucocorticoids in the palliative treatment of metastatic brain tumors. Cancer 1965;18:298–306.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  61. Jelsma R, Bucy PC. The treatment of glioblastoma multiforme of the brain. J Neurosurg 1967;27:388–400.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  62. Heiss JD, Papavassiliou E, Merrill MJ, et al. Mechanism of dexamethasone suppression of brain tumor-associated vascular permeability in rats. Involvement of the glucocorticoid receptor and vascular permeability factor. J Clin Invest 1996;98:1400–1408.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  63. Machein MR, Kullmer J, Ronicke V, et al. Differential downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by dexamethasone in normoxic and hypoxic rat glioma cells. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 1999;25: 104–112.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Shapiro WR, Hiesiger EM, Cooney GA, et al. Temporal effects of dexamethasone on blood-to-brain and blood-to-tumor transport of 14C-alpha-aminoisobutyric acid in rat C6 glioma. J Neurooncol 1990;8: 197–204.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  65. Leiguarda R, Sierra J, Pardal C, et al. Effect of large doses of methylprednisolone on supratentorial intracranial tumors. A clinical and CAT scan evaluation. Eur Neurol 1985;24:23–32.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  66. Hatam A, Bergstrom M, Yu ZY, et al. Effect of dexamethasone treatment on volume and contrast enhancement of intracranial neoplasms. J Comput Assist Tomogr 1983;7:295–300.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  67. Kelly DF. Neurosurgical postoperative care. Neurosurg Clin North Am 1994;5:789–810.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  68. Ziai WC, Varelas PN, Zeger SL, Mirski MA, Ulatowski JA. Neurologic intensive care resource use after brain tumor surgery: an analysis of indications and alternative strategies. Crit Care Med 2003;31:2782–2787.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Cochrane DD, Gustavsson B, Poskitt KP, Steinbok P, Kestle JR. The surgical and natural morbidity of aggressive resection for posterior fossa tumors in childhood. Pediatr Neurosurg 1994;20: 19–29.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  70. Lewis EA. Gastroduodenal ulceration and haemorrhage of neurogenic origin. Br J Surg 1973;60:279–283.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  71. Ross AJ 3rd, Siegel KR, Bell W, Templeton JM Jr, Schnaufer L, Bishop HC. Massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage in children with posterior fossa tumors. J Pediatr Surg 1987;22:633–636.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Lewis DW, Packer RJ, Raney B, Rak IW, Belasco J, Lange B. Incidence, presentation, and outcome of spinal cord disease in children with systemic cancer. Pediatrics 1986;78:438–443.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  73. Ch’ien LT, Kalwinsky DK, Peterson G, et al. Metastatic epidermal tumors in children. Med Pediatr Oncol 1982;10:455–462.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Klein SL, Sanford RA, Muhlbauer MS. Pediatric spinal epidural metastases. J Neurosurg 1991;74:70–75.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  75. Prasad D, Schiff D. Malignant spinal-cord compression. Lancet Oncol 2005;6:15–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Raffel C, Neave VC, Lavine S, McComb JG. Treatment of spinal cord compression by epidural malignancy in childhood. Neurosurgery 1991;28:349–352.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  77. Kelly KM, Lange B. Oncologic emergencies. Pediatr Clin North Am 1997;44:809–830.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  78. Byrne TN. Spinal cord compression from epidural metastases. N Engl J Med 1992;327:614–619.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2009 Springer-Verlag London

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Tamburro, R., Barfield, R.C., Gajjar, A. (2009). Tumors of the Central Nervous System. In: Wheeler, D., Wong, H., Shanley, T. (eds) The Central Nervous System in Pediatric Critical Illness and Injury. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-993-6_4

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-993-6_4

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, London

  • Print ISBN: 978-1-84800-992-9

  • Online ISBN: 978-1-84800-993-6

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics