Abstract
A new era in medicine, minimally invasive surgery, has been initiated since the implementation of laparoscopy. As this field evolves, so does the push to further reduce the invasiveness of laparoscopic surgery. To achieve this goal, surgeons have begun limiting the number of abdominal incisions with laparoendoscopic single-site surgery (LESS) or eliminating them completely through natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). The latter has been demonstrated primarily in preclinical animal models with limited clinical experience, while LESS has undergone laboratory and clinical work and has proven to be feasible and applicable for human intervention.
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White, M.A., Stein, R.J. (2013). LESS: Ports and Instrumentation. In: Rane, A., Cadeddu, J., Desai, M., Gill, I. (eds) Scar-Less Surgery. Springer, London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-360-6_4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84800-360-6_4
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